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- Hawaii
- University of Hawaii - West Oahu
- Cosmetology
- Cosmetology 1
- Ashley
- CHAPTER 4, INFECTION CONTROL
CHAPTER 4, INFECTION CONTROL
Cosmetology 1 with Ashley at University of Hawaii - West Oahu
About this deck
By: Nehir Mullen
Created: 2011-05-19
Size: 75 flashcards
Views: 155
Created: 2011-05-19
Size: 75 flashcards
Views: 155
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STATE AGENCIES
They are regulate licensing, enforcement, and conduct when working in a salon, spa, or medical facility.
FEDERAL AGENCIES
Set guidelines for manufacturing, sale, and use of equipment and chemical ingredients, and for safety in the workplace.
- OSHA
- Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
OSHA ( OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION)
- Regulate and enforce safety and health standards to protect employees in the workplace.
- Regulating the employee exposure to potentially toxic substances and informing employees about possible hazards of materials used in the workplace are key points of the OSHA and health Act of 1970.
OSHA ( OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION)
- OSHA address issues relating to handling, mixing, storing, and disposing of products as well as general safety in the workplace.
- most importantly, they address your right to know the hazardous ingredients in the products you use
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS)
- The MSDS includes information about hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, medical information should anyone have a reaction to the product.
- Federal laws require manufacturers t supply a MSDS for all products sold.
- regulatory agencies require that MSDSs be kept available in the spa, salon, skin care centers
- State inspectors can issue fines for any facility not having these sheets
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)
registers different types of disinfectant. Two types that are used in salons and spas;
- chemical disinfectants and hospital-grade disinfectants also known as tuberculocidal
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)
HOSPITAL-GRADE ; disinfectants are safe for cleaning blood and body fluids in hospitals. Tuberculosis disinfectants are proven to kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, which are more difficult to kill.
STATE REGULATORY AGENCIES
- They are exist to protect the consumers health, safety, and welfare while receiving services in a salon, spa or medical spa.
- they include licensing agencies, state boards of cosmetology, commissions and health departments.
- the agency can issue penalties against both salon owner and the operator`s license.
LAWS AND RULES
- LAWS also called STATUTES, are written by legislature. Laws determine the scope of practice and establish guidelines for regulatory agencies to make rules.
- RULES, also called REGULATIONS, are more specific than laws. They written by regulatory agency or board and determine how to law will be applied. Rules can be changed and updated.
PRINCIPLES OF INFECTION
- Careless action could cause injury or infection
- safety begins and ends with you
INFECTION CONTROL
- There are four classifications of potentially infectious microorganisms: bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites.
- disinfectants used in salons must be bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal
- dirty tools and equipment may spread infections from client to client
BACTERIA
- Microorganism are microscopic plants or animals. Also known as microbes, bacteria can exist almost everywhere, they cannot seen with the naked eye
- The study of these organisms in known as microbiology.Microbiologist studies pathogenic organisms to prevent the spread of diseases.
- the study of bacteria is known as bacteriology.
TYPES OF BACTERIA
- Two primary types of bacteria; pathogenic and nonpathogenic.
- NONPATHOGENIC, most bacteria are nonpathogenic completely harmless, do not cause disease. They can perform many useful functions.
- in the human body they help the body breakdown food, protect against infections and stimulate the immune system.
TYPES OF BACTERIA
- PATHOGENIC bacteria are considered harmful because they may cause disease or infection when they invade the body.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
- COCCI, are round-shaped bacteria that appear either singly (alone) or in the following groups
- Staphylococci
- Streptococci
- Diplococci
CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
- STAPHYLOCOCCI, (staph) pus-forming bacteria that grow in cluster like a bunch of grapes. Most common human bacteria, they can picked up on doorknobs, They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.
STAPHYLOCOCCI (STAPH)
- They are responsible for food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.
- Some staph bacteria are resistant to certain antibiotics, for example the staph infection called Methicilin-resistant staphyloccus aureus (MRSA).
CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
- STREPTOCOCCI, pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling string of beads. They cause infections such as step throat and blood poisoning.
- DIPLOCOCCI, spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia
CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
2. BACILLI, are short rod-shaped bacteria.
- They are the most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus(lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diptheria
CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
3. SPIRILLA, are spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria. They are subdivided into subgroups, such as
- Treponema pallida, which causes syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD) or
- Borrelia burgdorferi , which causes Lyme disease.
MOVEMENT OF BACTERIA
- Cocci, rarely show active motility(self movement). They are transmitted in the air, in dust or within the substance in which they settle.
- Bacilli, and Spirilla are both motile and use slender, ,hairlike extensions known as FLAGELLA or CILIA for locomotion (moving about)
BACTERIAL GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION
- Bacteria generally consist of liquid, called protoplasm, enclosed by an outer cell wall.
- Cells absorbs food from the surrounding environment, they give off waste products, grow and reproduce
- Bacteria consist of two distinct phases Active and Inactive
ACTIVE STAGE
- bacteria grow and reproduce. Bacteria multiply best in warm, dark, damp, or dirty places where food is available.
- when conditions are favorable, bacteria grow and reproduce, when they mature, they divide into two new cells this division is called MITOSIS.
INACTIVE STAGE OR SPORE-FORMING STAGE
- Certain bacteria such as the anthrax and tetanus bacilli, coat themselves with waxy outer shells that are able to withstand long periods of famine, dryness, and unsuitable temperatures.
- in this stages spores can be blown about and are not harmed by disinfectants, heat or cold.
INACTIVE STAGE OR SPORE-FORMING STAGE
- when favorable conditions are restored, the spores change into the active form and begin to grow and reproduce.
- they are dangerous if they enter the body during the surgical procedure and become active.
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
- An infections occurs when body tissues are invaded by disease-causing or pathogenic microorganisms. These microorganisms are called INFECTIOUS AGENTS.
- Pus is a fluid, created by tissue inflammation, that contains white blood cells, the debris of dead cells, tissue elements, and bacteria.
LOCAL INFECTION
Such as pimple or abscess, is one that is confined to a particular part of the body and is indicated by a lesion containing pus.
GENERAL INFECTION
- Bloodstream carries the bacteria or virus and their toxins(poisons) to all parts of the body. AIDS is an example.
- When the disease spreads from one person to another by contact it is CONTAGIOUS or COMMUNICABLE.
VIRUSES
- Virus is a microscopic organism, capable of interesting almost all plants and animals, including bacteria.
- In human viruses cause common cold, influenza, herpes, measles, chicken pox, hepatitis, polio and AIDS.
- One difference between viruses and bacteria is that viruses live only by penetrating cells and becoming part of them, while bacteria can live their own
VIRUSES
- One difference between viruses and bacteria is that viruses live only by penetrating cells and becoming part of them, while bacteria can live their own
HIV (HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS)
- Is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
- AIDS break down the body`s immune system.
- HIV is passed from person the person through blood and other body fluids.
- is transmitted through unprotected sexual.
HEPATITIS
- Is a bloodborne pathogen that causes a disease marked by inflammation of the liver.
- this disease caused by a virus similar to HIV in transmission
- unlike HIV, hepatitis can live on a surface outside the body fr long periods of time
HEPATITIS
- 3 types of Hepatitis, A, B and C. Hepatitis B is the most difficult to kill on a surface.
- all estheticians should be vaccinated for hepatitis B and remain current on any other infection.
- under the OSHA bloodborne pathogens standard it is necessary to use personal protection devices.
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
- Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis, and HIV are called bloodborne pathogens.
HOW PATHOGENS ENTER THE BODY
- A break in the skin (cut, pimple, or scratch)
- the mouth, nose, eyes, ears
- unprotected sex
THE BODY FIGHTS INFECTIONS BY MEANS OF
- unbroken skin, which is the body`s first line of defense
- body secretions, such as perspiration and digestive juices
- white cells within the blood that destroy bacteria
- antitoxins that counteract the toxins produced by bacteria and viruses
PARASITES
2 types of parasites
- Endoparasites _ living inside a host
- Ectoparasites _ living outside
- all parasites require a host to survive; they cannot live on their own
PARASITES
- PROTOZOA are single-celled parasites with the ability to move, this type of parasitic infection is spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or water. It causes infections such as malaria and gastroenteritis.
PARASITES
- PEDICULOSIS, contagious diseases is caused by the head lice
- SCABIES, is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin
- parasites can enter the body through ingestion (internal) and can burrow in from the skin(external)
PARASITES
- other types of parasites are WORMS such as tapeworms, hookworms, and roundworms. They are found anywhere where unsanitary conditions support their growth.
- Contagious diseases and conditions caused by parasites shouldn`t treat by esthetician.
FUNGI
- commonly known types of fungi ( singular Fungus) are yeast, molds, and mildew.
- depend on the type they grow in single cells or in colonies.
- fungi also called VEGETABLE PARASITES, obtain nourishment from dead organic matter, or from living organisms.
FUNGI
- Most fungi are nonpathogenic and make up many of the body`s normal flora.
- the most basic cause of fungal infection are DERMATOPHYTES the fungi that cause skin, nail, and hair infections
TYPES OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS
- common types of fungal infections are TINEA PEDIS (ATHLETE`S FOOT), TINEA CORPORIS( RINGWORM), and ONYCHOMYCOSIS (NAIL INFECTION)
- TINEA VERSICOLOR (SUN SPOTS), characterized by white patches n the skin, often found on arms and legs
- INTERTRIGO, is found the body folds of the skin such as underarms, in the groin
- THRUSH, is found in the mouth and vaginal areas,
- both are caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS, a yeast that thrives in dark, moisture-rich environments
TYPES OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS
- INTERTRIGO, is found the body folds of the skin such as underarms, in the groin
- THRUSH, is found in the mouth and vaginal areas,
- both are caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS, a yeast that thrives in dark, moisture-rich environments
IMMUNITYTION
- Immunity is the ability of the body to resist diseases and prevent infection.
- NATURAL IMMUNITY, is a naturally inherited resistance to disease
- ACQUIRED IMMUNITY, a developed after body overcomes a disease or through inoculation(vaccination)
PRINCIPLES OD PREVENTION
- there are 3 levels of DECONTAMINATION;
- sanitation
- disinfection
- sterilization
SANITATION,
- is the lowest level of the decontamination and infection control, its mean to significantly reduce the number of pathogens or disease-producing organisms found on the surface. examples, UV sanitizers, antiseptic, soaps, and detergents.
SANITATION,
All areas of the salon and spa require regular sanitizing
- Trash cans, all receptacles should be made of a nonporous material that can be cleaned and sanitized
- Treatments rooms, periodically inspect all wet rooms, watch for rusting, mold and other sign of deterioration.
SANITATION,
- Air system, placing both and air supply and a cold air return in closed treatment room will result in a healthier environment
DISINFECTION
- the second level, and infection control, kills the most microorganisms (bacteria except bacterial spores, and some viruses) on hard, nonporous surface. they are chemical agents and hospital-grade products.
- Dirt, oils, and microbes are CONTAMINANTS
STERILIZATION
- the highest level, and infection control, kills all microorganisms including all bacteria, viruses and fungi
- methods of sterilization include the steam autoclave and dry heat
- an Autoclave is an apparatus for sterilization by steam under pressure
- comedone extractors, tweezers and electrolysis needles can be autoclaved, glass electrodes cannot be autoclaved.
STERILIZATION
- an Autoclave is an apparatus for sterilization by steam under pressure
- comedone extractors, tweezers and electrolysis needles can be autoclaved, glass electrodes cannot be autoclaved.
NOTES
- each state board of cosmetology has its own set of rules and regulations for sanitation.
- FORMALIN, a solution of formaldehyde in water. they are not for salon use. Formaldehyde, a pungent gas, is a suspected cancer-causing agent, when inhaled is extremely irritating to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs.
CHOOSING A DISINFECTANTS
- to meet facility requirements, a disinfectants must have the correct EFFICACY(effectiveness)
- disinfectants must be PSEUDOMNACIDAL effective against pseudomonas bacteria (swimmers ear and hot tub rush).
- read to manufacturer`s instructions
CHOOSING A DISINFECTANTS
- OSHA bloodborne Pathogen Standard, salon and spa implements that come into contact with blood or body fluids should be cleaned and completely immersed in an EPA registered tuberculocidal disinfectant.
- label must state that the disinfectant is effective against specific organisms.
TYPES OF DISINFECTANTS
- Quaternary ammonium compounds commonly called QUATS, are a type of disinfectant considered nontoxic, odorless, and fast acting. most quat solutions disinfectant implements in 10 to 15 minutes. very effective for cleaning tables and countertops
TYPES OF DISINFECTANTS
- PHENOL, is a caustic poison, but it can be safe and extremely effective if used according to instruction. rubber and plastic materials may be softened or discolored by phenols. Phenols in 5 percent solution are used mostly for metal implements
TYPES OF DISINFECTANTS
- ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL, strength must be 99 percent. because alcohol is not an EPA-registered disinfectant, it`s not permitted for use with implements in state requiring hospital disinfectant.
TYPES OF DISINFECTANTS
- ETHYL ALCOHOL, to be effective the strength of ethyl alcohol must be no less than 70 percent.
- SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE ( household bleach) is an effective laundering additive. is not legal to use alcohol or bleach as a disinfectant in most states.
DISINFECTANT SAFETY
- Always follow manufacturer`s recommendations for mixing and using
- always wear gloves and safety glasses when mixing chemical
- always add disinfectant to water
- use thongs, gloves, or a draining basket to remove implements from disinfectant
- never pour any disinfectants over your hands.
DISINFECTANT SAFETY
- never place any disinfectant or other product in an unmarked container
- disinfecting soak solution must be changed daily and kept free from debris, always follow manufacturer`s instructions.
- make sure all containers are labeled.
PROPER USE OF DISINFECTANTS
- any item is used on a client must be disinfected or discarded after each use
- electrodes, tweezers, and other nonporous tools must be sterilized or disinfected
- always disinfected your tools or other implements according to the EPA wet disinfectants.
PROPER USE OF DISINFECTANTS
- mixing chemicals in higher concentrations than recommended by the manufacturer counteracts (etkisiz) their effectiveness and may create noxious fumes or harm instruments.
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
- any disinfected item that has been touch or exposed to air is contaminated.
- cross-contamination occurs when the esthetician touch the skin without sanitizing hands, and then touch an object or product with the same hand or utensil
ASEPTIC PROCEDURE
an aseptic procedure is the process of properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies so that they do not become contaminated by microorganisms before they are used on a client.
NOTE
- As of January 2008, OSHA required all health workers to use nitrile gloves as a response to the growing allergic reactions to the other materials such as latex.
- NITRILE GLOVES are made from synthetic rubbers, known as acrylonitrile and butadiene
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
- universal pre. are a set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens
- ASYMPTOMATIC means show no symptoms or signs of infections.
CONTACT WITH BLOOD OR BODY FLUIDS
if client`s skin is cut during a salon service, blood or body fluid can be present this is called an EXPOSURE INCIDENT. if this happen
- stop the service
- wear gloves to protect yourself
- clean the injured area with antiseptic and bandage the cut
CONTACT WITH BLOOD OR BODY FLUIDS
- clean your workstation as necessary
- discharged contaminated objects, deposit sharp disposables in a sharp box
- disinfect tools and implements
- never touch a client`s open sore or wound without gloves
- avoid using bar soap in the salon
FIRST AID
A first kit aid should include these items
- small bandages
- gauze
- antiseptic
- a blood spill kit that contains disposable bags, gloves, and hazardous waste stickers.
BURNS
there are 4 levels of burns
- FIRST DEGREE, a minor burn affecting the upper layers of the skin, primarily the epidermis, with some redness and irritation, but no blister or open skin
- SECOND DEGREE, affects the top two layers f the skin, primarily epidermis and the dermis. painful and will show redness and blister.
BURNS
- SECOND DEGREE, affects the top two layers f the skin, primarily epidermis and the dermis. painful and will show redness and blister.
- THIRD DEGREE, affects all layer of the skin, will blister, swell and scar
- FOURTH DEGREE, injured the muscle, ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, and bones. always requires medical attention.
BURNS
- FOURTH DEGREE, injured the muscle, ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, and bones. always requires medical attention.
EYE FLUSH
have client`s wear eye protection during treatments if accident happen u must be proactive. take the client to the sink or eye-flushing station gently flush the eye with water for 15 minutes and have the client seek medical attention immediately.
About this deck
By: Nehir Mullen
Created: 2011-05-19
Size: 75 flashcards
Views: 155
Created: 2011-05-19
Size: 75 flashcards
Views: 155
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj