GEOLOGY TEST 2
Geology 1113 with Hehr at University of Arkansas - Fayetteville
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loam
an equal amount of sand, silt, and clay
the best texture of a soil
oxisols
rainforest soil; infertile, with a high rate of decomposition, overly-leached
nutrient cycling
the way that plants can thrive in the rainforest
mollisols
good soils(US bread basket, Russia, Argentina, semi-arid, tall grasses, not much leaching
sea salt and the atmosphere
one of the most important nuclei in the atmosphere--forms raindrops.
What is the most effective form of soil erosion?
water( reduces our soil productivity by 10%)
loess
wind-blown sediment particles (think Dust bowl)
what 3 types of sedimentary rocks are common?
shale, sandstone, and limestone
How much of the continents surfaces are covered by sedimentary rocks?
3/4ths
What is most silt made of?
quartz crystals
Driftless area
(wisconsin) glacier never covered this area during the plastocine(ice age)
glacial till
unsorted, or very poorly sorted material as opposed to streams, which sort materials quite well
What is the most effective mechanism for transporting sediment?
running water ( ice and wind are also important)
james hutton
"father of geology", Scotch geologist, coined the term "the present is the key to the past" AKA uniformitarism=the same geological processes that go on today have gone on forever
What is most important in cementation of sedimentary rocks?
calcite
What type are most sedimentary rocks?
detrital
If you take limestone and put ___________ on it, it turns into dolomite
manganese
Where does sediment have the best chance of becoming lithified into rock?
ocean bottoms
principle of superposition
oldest layers are on the bottom
What type of canyons can get as big as the grand canyon?
submarine canyons
can fossils be present in metamorphic rocks or igneous rocks?
No, they would be destroyed
No, only in sedimentary rocks
Do all rivers have deltas?
no
Where are abyssal plains found?
on deep ocean bottoms, made by turbitity currents
Page 163: know the sequence of deposition at beaches
null
Rivers that flow over the east side of the Andes go into which river? over the west side?
east--Atlantic
west--Pacific
Can metamorphic rock form at the Earth's surface?
No, they have to be formed by heat/pressure
cratons
the core of the continents
What is the most important factor involved in metamorphic processes?
hot water
If a metamorphic rock is non-foliated, its name is based on...?
its composition
What are the 2 most common metamorphic rocks? Are they suseptible to chemical weathering?
Marble and quartzite
marble-yes
quartzite-no, more durable, used for building
contact/thermal metamorphism
when magma comes into contact with a country rock, relatively close to the surface, mostly non-foliated
regional metamorphism
formed at a great depth, most are foliated, MOST OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS ARE THIS
Why is the Canadian sheild exposed at the surface?
Because the glacier pushed all the debris and rock to the side
Migmatite
will form when there is partial melting in the metamorphosing of a rock
You find fossils in what type of rock?
sedimentary
Look at table 8.3 and read about isotopic dating
null
What period accounts for 87% of all geologic time?
Precambrian
trilobites
the oldest fossils with eyes, come from the cambrian period
What period(s) layed down the layers of materials that eventually became our source of oil and coal?
carboniferous AKA mississipian/pennsylvanian
Major force in mass wasting is ...?
gravity
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STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
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Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
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“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
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