Development and Evolution

Psychology 2200 with Fitch at University of Connecticut

About this deck

By: MVF FVM
Textbook:

Biological Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral, Cognitive, and Clinical Neuroscience, Sixth Edition
Created: 2010-09-19
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 38

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Phylogeny

Look across species and see how the brain evolved. Phylogenetic comparisons suggest that higher brain structures are more recent products of evolution.

Relative Measures of brain evolution : total brain weight

are elephants really smarter than humans?

Brain/Body ratio

gives a lineage more consistent with what we know about brain and intelligence (puts mammals over non mammals and humans at top) but within mammals puts porpoise over blue whale and baboon over gorilla.

Cortex/hindbrain ratio

favors mammals and puts humans at the top

index of cerebral enfolding

puts dolphins over humans. the overall size of human cortex is limited- by the skull and birth limits. (big head baby= C section - which in the wild means death.) Cerebral cortex has gotten bigger and more elaborate over time.

Otogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny

developmental gradient of the brain moves from lower to - with hindbrain developing first then midbrain, and forebrain (cortex) last.

Neurogenesis

Ventricular zone is where neural progenitors start their migration derived from stem cells

Radial Glia

Developmental form of glia (transient) used by migrating neurons for guidance. Think scaffolding.

Stem Cells VS NS Progenitors

stems cells can become anything, have not been differentiated whereas NS progenitors can only become neurons or glia but are still "plastic"

Plascisity

something that can be shaped. Stem cells where you put them can adapt, as differentiate less plasticity. Can be highly plastic but not differentiated, inverse relationship.

Neurotropic Factors

Promote Neural Growth

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death- normal

Necrosis

Injury- induced cell death

Pruning

picks out what to save, only save and focus energy on circuits that are being used. Circuits that aren't used will be gotten rid of

Axon Hillock

the site of summation for incoming information. At any given moment, the collective influence of all neurons that conduct impulses to a given neuron will determine whether or not action potential will be initiated at the axon hillock.

Nernst Goldman Equation

used to calculate the “differential charge inside versus outside the neuron.” This difference is the “neuron potential,” and is normally quite negative

Iontropic Receptor

a protein receptor-channel that opens directly when a transmitter binds it

Metabotropic Receptor

coupled to a protein that causes chemical reactions and indirectly alters ion movement.

About this deck

By: MVF FVM
Textbook:

Biological Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral, Cognitive, and Clinical Neuroscience, Sixth Edition
Created: 2010-09-19
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 38

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy