Early_Medieval_and_Romanesque.pptx

Early Medieval and Romanesque Europe Sutton Hoo Ship Burial Hiberno-Saxon Carolingian Ottonian Romanesque Holy Roman Empire Purse Cover (Sutton Hoo ship burial, Suffolk, England) ca. 625 Buckle (Sutton Hoo ship burial, Suffolk, England) ca. 625 Cross and Carpet Page (folio 26 verso* of the Lindisfarne Gospels, Northumbria, England) ca. 698-721 CE *Verso=back Cross and Carpet Pages (from the Lindisfarne Gospels, Northumbria, England) ca. 698-721 CE Chi-rho-iota page (folio 34 recto* of the Book of Kells, Iona, Scotland) Late 8th or early 9th century *recto=front Carolingian Art Saint Matthew (folio 15 recto of the Coronation Gospels) ca. 800-810 Saint Matthew (folio 18 recto of the Ebbo Gospels) ca. 816-835 The Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne (Aachen, Germany) ca. 792-805 CE The Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne (L- plan and elevation) (R ? interior of chapel) The Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne (details of interior) ca. 792-805 CE Ottonian Art L ? St. Michael?s Hildesheim. Germany ca. 1001-1031 CE R ? St. Michael?s (plan) L ? The Doors of St. Michael?s (Hildesheim. Germany) ca. 1015 R ? detail, Adam accuses Eve L - Gero Crucifix (commissioned by Archbishop Gero for the Calogne Cathedral, Germany) ca. 970 R- modern installation Romanesque Art The Rise of Relic Culture and its impact upon church design Head Reliquary of Saint Alexander (Stavelot Abbey, Belgium) ca. 1145 Although the veneration of pieces of Saints were by no means a strictly Romanesque phenomenon, it was during this period, specifically the 11th and 12th centuries, that relic culture reached its height. Pilgrims traveled far and wide to view reliquaries (the containers of relics, fashioned to resemble the body part they held). Aerial view of St. Sernin (Toulouse, France) ca. 1070-1120 During the Romanesque period, we see a growth in monumental church building on a grand scale. This was in part due to the economic impact of the pilgrims, who would inevitably spend a good deal of money in the location of their desired holy destination. The holy grail of pilgrimage trips were taken to locations such as Rome or Jerusalem. Those without the vast financial means needed to get to such places were accommodated by churches such as St. Sernin. Architectural accommodations for these crowds necessitated changes in church design. Radiating chapels, located off the end of the apse and transept, were added to accommodate particular relics. Naves were also widened to make way for large crowds. L ? View of the Nave of St. Sernin R- View of the Transept of St. Sernin The major parts of a Romanesque Portal (based on that of St. Pierre in Moissac, France)* *portal = door South Portal (from St. Pierre in Moissac, France) ca. 1115-1135 Detail of the Tympanum of the South Portal (from St. Pierre in Moissac, France) Gislebertus Last Judgment, west tympanum of St. Lazare (Autun, France) ca. 1120-1135 Cathedral Complex Pisa, Italy Cathedral begun 1063, baptistery begun 1153, campanile begun 1174 West façade of St. Etienne (Caen, France) Begun 1067 Interior of St. Etienne (Caen, France) Begun 1067 Top ? aerial view of Durham Cathedral (England) ca. 1093 Bottom ? Durham Cathedral, interior view of ribbed groin vaults Top ? Funeral Procession to Westminster Abbey from the Bayeux Tapestry (France) ca. 1070-1080 Bottom ? Modern installation of the 230 foot long tapestry Eadwine the Scribe Eadwine the Scribe at Work (folio 283 verso of the Eadwine Psalter) ca. 1160-1170