ENSC_220_Study_Guide_Chapt..docx

ENSC 220 Study Guide: Chapters 1 and 16 3) Which of the following is not a renewable resource? A) the sun beating down on a rain forest B) plants, such as bamboo and rice, growing in moist environments C) oil reserves, buried deep below the surface of the ground D) water flowing through a dam Topic: 1.Introduction 4) The environmental damage to Easter Island was mainly due to A) frequent stops by whalers seeking food and water. B) a series of severe storms that destroyed forests and homes. C) the invasion of the islands by goats and sheep after English sailors arrived. D) poor environmental planning by the native people. Topic: 1.Introduction 12) If the Millennium Development Goals are achieved by 2015, A) at least 30 developing countries will move into the developed category. B) more than 400 million people will be lifted out of extreme poverty. C) the population of the world will stop increasing. D) people in the developing world will all have basic medical coverage. Topic: 1.1 13) The economic gap between developing and industrialized countries may best be narrowed by A) the adoption of democratic forms of government in developing countries. B) industrialized countries increasing shipments of food supplies to developing countries. C) industrialized countries harvesting more natural resources in developing countries. D) stabilizing population growth in developing countries. Topic: 1.1 21) Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to global warming by A) transmitting visible light and absorbing infrared radiation. B) transmitting infrared radiation and absorbing visible light. C) transmitting infrared radiation and visible light. D) absorbing infrared radiation and visible light. Topic: 1.1 37) The greatest environmental problems of the 1950s mainly concerned A) increasing levels of ultraviolet radiation as the ozone layer was destroyed. B) global climate change illustrated by the worldwide decline of thousands of glaciers. C) widespread and easily detected water and air pollution. D) thousands of nuclear power plants that spread radiation across the globe. Topic: 1.2 42) Which of the following has been the most recent response to efforts of the environmental movement? A) increased efforts for deregulation B) increased attention to sources of radiation C) increased reliance upon fossil fuels D) decreased reliance upon technology Topic: 1.2 44) Which of the following best illustrates stewardship? A) lobbying government officials to increase the drilling for offshore oil B) selecting a source of energy based upon the maximum yield of tax dollars C) converting automobiles from gasoline to natural gas as a new source of fuel D) promoting the recycling of paper and aluminum on university campuses Topic: 1.3 45) Which of the following best illustrates sustainability? A) constructing coal mines that do not require extensive surface excavations B) increasing our reliance upon renewable sources of energy C) upgrading computers every few years to improve performance D) converting automobiles from gasoline to natural gas as a new source of fuel Topic: 1.3 5) A major driving force increasing the use of renewable-energy is A) the ability to capture the energy of the wind, sun, and water. B) its cost compared to the use of fossil fuels. C) increased solar radiation and wind velocities. D) the discovery of renewable resources. Topic: 16.Introduction 6) Renewable energy resources A) have been used for most of human history. B) have been used only since WWII, when these sustainable sources were discovered. C) were first used after the discovery and first use of electricity. D) were developed only recently due to threats of global climate change. Topic: 16.Introduction 10) With all of the sun's energy striking the Earth every second of every day, why doesn't the Earth overheat and kill us all? A) The Earth is so large and dense that it absorbs all of this heat. B) The Earth is overheating, melting rocks into the lava of volcanoes. C) The Earth radiates this heat back into space. D) The atmosphere of the Earth prevents the heat radiation from making it to Earth's surface. Topic: 16.1 11) To meet the energy needs of all humans, we would need to capture A) all of the sun's energy striking the Earth. B) all of the sun's energy just reaching the outer atmosphere. C) only about 1% of the sun's energy striking the Earth. D) only about 1/10,000 of the sun's energy striking the Earth. Topic: 16.1 29) The fastest-growing energy technology in the world is illustrated by A) a fuel cell. B) a hydroelectric dam. C) a pellet stove heating a home. D) solar collecting panels on rooftops. Topic: 16.1 35) Which one of the following is one of the most important components of concentrated solar power? A) photovoltaic cells B) inertia C) wind turbines D) mirrors Topic: 16.1 43) Which one of the following does not represent indirect solar energy? A) nuclear fission B) biomass C) hydroelectric D) windmills Topic: 16.2 44) Although hydroelectric dams generate electricity without producing greenhouse gases, they A) are short-lived structures that have to be rebuilt about every 20 years. B) are only able to contribute to about 5% of the electrical power throughout the world. C) alter water control in ways that make it more difficult to irrigate crops. D) eliminate farmland and wildlife habitats in the regions that are flooded. Topic: 16.2 59) The current generation of ethanol as a biofuel requires A) sugars and the process of fermentation. B) any plant material and the process of fermentation. C) manure, water, and aerobic bacteria. D) bioengineered bacteria and any form of cellulose. Topic: 16.3 60) When corn is used to produce ethanol for fuel, the process also generates A) proteins and cellulose. B) biodiesel and natural gas. C) livestock feed and corn oil. D) methane used to heat thousands of homes. Topic: 16.3 81) Harnessing the energy of tides to generate electricity is different than a hydroelectric power station at a dam because A) tidal energy uses turbines and a dam uses generators. B) tidal energy ultimately relies on moon's gravity and hydroelectric power ultimately relies on the energy from the sun. C) tidal energy ultimately relies on ocean currents and hydroelectric power ultimately relies on the energy from the sun. D) tidal energy ultimately relies on the wind and hydroelectric power ultimately relies on the energy of rain. Topic: 16.4 85) In the past decade, the United States government has A) discouraged the use of alternate energy resources and promoted the use of fossil fuels. B) promoted but not invested in the development and use of sustainable energy resources. C) promoted and invested heavily in the development and use of sustainable energy resources. D) required the use of sustainable energy resources for more than 95% of our energy demands by the year 2020. Topic: 16.5 86) Responsible stewardship in the coming decades will require global energy policies that promote A) sustainability and efficiency. B) productivity and economic prosperity. C) the development of abundant and inexpensive fossil fuels. D) additional exploration of oil and natural gas resources. Topic: 16.5