Eology 1 final exam

manage people

1. Invitro fertilization- eggs and sperm taken out of animal eggs fertilized then inserted in female

2. Artificial Insemination

3. Captive breeding

Monitor peoples actions and make sure they don't harm enviroment. With little to no human interaction in an enviroment animals can live freely.

People in country own wildlife

-common resources that everyone can share

Info such as:

-birth/death rates

-how organism was killed

-range of wildlife

1. Hunting

2. Food

-managing resources

-managing humans who have an effect on the populations of animals.

-Understand principles of ecosytems

-people need to be mananged

-more effective to manage biodiversity

-health of ecosystem not single species

Monitor predetors as well as prey

Birthrate

ratio of live births in an area to population of area

population of habitat that, that habitat can support indefinatly

-necessities provided

Factor that controls process of

-organism growth

-species population

male to female

young to old

as prey populatoin increases, pedator populations also increase

both decrease together

protection of critically endangered species

-signed by nixon 1973

they serve a role in the ecosystem

- could be first step in food chains

- or necessities in nature

human population grows endangered species grows

no direct connection that humans alone effect this

Plan to restore endangered population

Critical habitat

Recovery plans

-GPS tagging

-Artificial Breeding

-Species diversity

-biotic factors

-Abiotic factors

No, they need heavy farm work

- weeds and other invasive plants would take over

trees have tolerence

-ability to grow in shade or in competition with other trees

- soak up extra water

-remove pullotants

-add oxygen

-get rid of decaying matter

-put nutrients into ground

-create CO2

tall trees

aspen, oak, shagbark hickory

lost of wind and sunlight

short shade tolerent trees

sugar male hemlock

shrubbery and bushes

wildflowers grasses

community within an ecosytem

-I.E. squrriel lives within a tree

no in every type of ecosytem

sap wood is growing part

heartwood is dead

have real flowers

broad leaf trees

cant produce flowers

conifers

photosynthesize

make food

ability of tree to do without sunlight

sugar maple

hemlock

balsam fir

aspen

jack pine

tamarack

trees are always growing

intolerent species die off  then replaced by tolerent species

width between rings

good- wide rings more water

bad- small width less water

paper

lumber

maple syrup

furniture

heat from burning wood

yes, they can be re grown

northern cali

Oregon

buisnesses

private landowners

Government

animals that depend on trees must move

biodiversity of area is affected

bur oak (because of its bark)

-plants that transform nitrogen into usable compounds

-Importance: Don't use up all nitrogen they convert, leaving extra in soil for other plants

depleted in size due to:

-development of cities

-use of land for farming

-commercial use of land

-wet

-mesic

-dry

downwind side of mountain is drier than windward side because moisture in the air comes out on windward side

short grasses closer to mounain

-prevents overgrowth of prairie plants

-exposes sunlight to lowest plants

-unlocks nutrients in plants

turkey foot

-adropogon gerardii

1. prevent soil erosion

2. useful for wildlife habitat

3. areas for education of ecological principles

4. aesthetically pleasing

small remnant of once large prairie

never manipulated by man

1. Railroad rightaways- put down before agriculture

2. ?

brass color richer gold/redish in fall

biodiversity index is high

-Put 2/3 of their growth underground (long roots reach deep for moisture)

-keep above ground exposure to minimum (small leaves)

-complete entire life cycle in a few weeks

-Perennials

- Pollination takes advantage of wind

railroads cut through habitat

hunted by people

Native Americans

-hides used for robes

-tongue is delicacy

1. use wind to disperse seeds

2. perennials (year round)

gradual process where ecosystems change and develope over time

Example: new island arises from volcanic activity

first species to establish in an area

usually annuals who die after 2nd year when perennials take over

old forest growth

"literally been there long time. Old." -K.D.

-only organisms best suited to enviroment survive

-passing on that genetic characteristic to offspring

-eliminating weak species

Symbiotic reltaionship

- both organisms benefit

(clown fish/sea anemones)

Symbiotice relationship

- one organism benefits other is unharmed

(milkweed/monarchs)

Symbiotice relationship

-one organism(parasite) benefits other is harmed

(tick/human)

plant makes own food

(tree)

Organism that feeds on other plants or animals

(wolf)

Organism gains energy by breaking down final remains of life

(millipedes)

1. Everything is connected to everything else

    - Food chain

2. Everything has to go somewhere

    - matter can not be created or destoryed

3. Everything is always changing

  - succession

4. Everything has a cost

  - air pollution

similar climatic conditions

communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms

Ex: Forests, deserts, tundra

Nonliving

Ex: wind, dirt

living

Ex: plants, bacteria, animals