Europe

frigid tundras and humid cold

E-tundra

D-Humid cold

balmy?

C-humid temperate

highland

H

desert

B

• created the first city infrastructure
• Christianity
• Romance languages
• collapsed in 5th century

occurred before the Industrial Revolution

:developments in land ownership and agriculture methods

• steam engine 1780
• belt of coal fields found
• migrants moved closer for jobs

Treaty of Westphalia in 1648

French Revolution

spirit of nationalism keeps the realm divided

WWI, WWII, Cold War, Berlin Wall

btwn Catholics and Protestants

and Muslims and Christians

Edward Ullman

1. complementary: surplus of a commodity required by another area
2. transferability: ease of transfer of commodities
3. intervening opportunity

formation of a multinational union involving a large number of states in the European Union (EU).

strasbourg, France is at the seat of this European Parliament.

27/40 states are members

Euro 2002

west: rich

east: poor

Soviet "Iron Curtain" cemented the idea of east versus west Europe.

group 1: Slovenia, Hungary, Slovakia, poland

group 2: greece, cyprus, romania, Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania

group 3: Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Albania

group 4: Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus

is the cultural and geographic center of the northern hemisphere.

has most global culture rooted there.

site of two world wars.

divided into West and East after WWII.

Berlin Wall 1989

oldest state in region.

Paris- only prominent city despite not being near major raw materials to grow

Paris is not on the coast for trade,

Northern French agriculture is most productive in Europe.

France has one of the world's most productive economies and most rich cultures.

democracy

growing in land size by wrestling land from the sea.

GDP highly dominated by services, finance, and trade.

cultural divide between Flemish speaking 58% and French speaking 31%.

Brussels is the headquarters for the EU

Ministate with a territory of only 2600 square Km.

population 0.5 million.

$75,395 per-capita income. (US is $64,400)

mountain streams used for hydroelectric power

not in the EU

historical geography more reminiscent of eastern europe.

Vienna- largest city

in the EU, reluctantly

smallest nation in europe (61 sq. Km, 35,000 people)

highest global GDP

capital: Prague

leaders in technology

occupies Britain and the northeast corner of Ireland

Set most of Ireland free in 1921, except NE corner to protect the protestants

largest

london

major component of the UK

hoping for sovereignity

Lake Loch Ness

greatest economic growth in EU at turn of the century.

fought to be free of the British.

terrorist group: Irish Republican Army

most populous, economically advanced.

20 internal regions.

Milan

Vatican City

export: appliances, instruments, automobiles, raw materials

iberian peninsula

dictatorship -> democracy

joined EU in 1986

catalonia exports most

poor -> benefitted from entering EU

exports textiles, wines, corks, and fish

population clustered on coasts

largest of Nordic nations

Stockholm

industry typically raw materials

making automobiles, electronics, and glassware

huge fishing industry

oil and natural gas transformed the economy

Oslo

rich

5.3 million

Helsinki, Tampere, Turku

2nd largest population 5.5 million

bridge-tunnel link to southern sweden enhances trade

volcanic glacier studded island

population: 340,000

fishing

1.3 million

free-trade zone in Muuga Harbor facilitates commerce with Russia

38.1 million

capital: Warsaw

capital: bratislava corrupt and inefficient

in EU

irredentism: support by gov't of ethnic cohorts in neighboring/distant nations

9.9 million

2 million

first rep. from Yugoslavia to be invited to join EU

conflicts with surrounding nations

in EU

Athens- 1/3 of population

independence in 1974

"green line" seperates Greeks and Turks

weak economy, low income, poverty

communist

Bucharest, decaying capital

oil fields are depleted

centered around port-capital, Riga

59% Latvian

30% russian

largest and most important of eastern periphery

shrinking influence

discrimination of Serbian minority

in EU

corruption

fell victim to conflict btwn the Serbs, the Croats, and the Bosniaks

ethnic cleansing in early 90s

NATO too control in 1999

gained independence in 2008

largest by area

45.6 million

ethnicslly homogeneous

poorest of european nation.

unemployment 30%

illegal arms and smuggling

misgoverned

capital Minsk built by russians as an industrial center