Evolution of Populations

Biology with Chartier at Acton-Boxborough Regional High

About this deck

By: Sheena Thakkar
Textbook:

Biology: Concepts and Connections
Created: 2011-02-05
Size: 25 flashcards
Views: 14

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Gene Pool

combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population

Relative Frequency

number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur

Mutation

change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information

Gene Shuffling

Gene shuffling is when the natural trait of a single phenotype favours over the extreme traits over the intermediate.

Single Gene Trait

trait controlled by a single gene

Polygenic Trait

trait controlled by two or more genes

Directional Selection

form of natural selection in which the entire curve moves; occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve.

Stabilizing Selection

form of natural selection by which the center of the curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end.

Disruptive Selection

form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle.

Genetic Drift

random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations.

Founder Effect

change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population.

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

principle that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change.

Genetic Equilibrium

situation in which allele frequencies remain constant

Speciation

formation of new species.

Reproductive Isolation

separation of species or populations so they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Behavioral Isolation

form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding.

Geographic Isolation

form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water.

Temporal Isolation

form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times.

Variation

differences in a community

Macroevolution

large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time.

Mass Extinction

event in which many types of living thins become extinct at the same time.

Adaptive Radiation

process by which a single species or small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways; rapid growth in the diversity of a group of organisms.

Convergent Evolution

process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments.

Coevolution

process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other.

Punctuated Equilibrium

pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief period of more rapid change.

About this deck

By: Sheena Thakkar
Textbook:

Biology: Concepts and Connections
Created: 2011-02-05
Size: 25 flashcards
Views: 14

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj