exam 1 ch 1-3

• Plato= need for pleasure was necessary element in pursuit of knowledge
• muscles to grow stronger= we must rest
• recuperation
• ex - headphones after test

• children pass through all developmental stages of human race
• activities that re-enact events from our history as a race are more rewarding
• ex- hunting shooting hide n seek chasing
• dont reflect history
• play reporoduces biological evolution

• If child throws the object away, possible expression of revenge

• play tendencies are stimulated but after energy is used tendencies subside
• weakness  is that children often play beyond point of exhaustion

• replicate past events to relive sit. with positive outcomes
• infant form of ability to deal with experience
• others first treated as things
• learning is necessary to discover play
• macro= replication of play
• micro= play be shared with others

• Seek stimulation
• boredom sets in you may seek arousal, thrill seeking, disinhibition
• ex- counting tiles on ceiling

• we play to satisfy psychic needs not satified through our work
• boredom motivates some play behavior but not work related
• ex- librarians playing chess

• need to test environment, solve problems, and gain a sense of mastery and accomplishment

• we play to be social
• ex- playground movement

• no single theory can explain all leisure behavior
• understand people and conflicts better if we understand motivations
• play is the best motivator
• defines lifestyles, industries, and major resource allocations

• 1. completely involve, focused, concentrating- either due to innate curiosity or training
• 2. sense of ecstasy
• 3. great inner clarity- knowing what needs to be done
• 4. knowing the activity is doable- skill are adequate

• high challenge + low skill = anxiety
• low challenge + high skill = boredom
• high challenge + high skill = flow
• low challenge + low skill = apathy

• Sense of serenity- no worries about self, afterwards feeling of tanscending ego
• timeliness- thoroughly focused on present
• Intrinsic motivation- what produces flow becomes its own reward

apathy boredom, relaxation, control, flow, arousal, anxiety, worry, apathy

• clear need to overcome initial resistance to do other than apathetic activities

• challenging activity that req. skill
• merging of action and awareness
• clear goals and feedback
• concentration on task
• loss of self consciousness
• transformation of time
• paradox of control

• lies in the society that has disengaged children from nature and imposed artificial environment when they are not evolved
• condition caused by cumulative human costs of alienation from nature, senses, attention, higher rates physical/emot. illness

• dev= systematic change in individual that begins from conception and ends with death
• Mat= biologcial systematic changes, nature
• cognition= process of applying our knowledge and info to our surroundings and sits.
• dev is affected by other componts

• sensorimotor-birth-2, constructs meaning out of world through the senses
• preop thought= 2-7, connecting world with words and images
• concrete= 7-12,  logically about concrete events and classify obj
• formal= 12 yr. capable of reaoning & abstrac

• development based on info obtained through senses or body movements
• object permanence (a hidden object still exists)
• goal directed actions
• ex. baby plans something

• beginning of mental operations
• operations: child can think about doing somehting without doing it
• decentering: obj is red and square
• egocentrism: sees world from own view
• reversible thinking: think backward
• collective monologue: group talk

• hands on thinking
• conservation: characteristics of obj remain the same changes in appearance
• seriation: can organize obj in sequential order by size weight volume
• classification: group obj
• compensation: change in dimension can offset changes

• scientific, hypothetical, inductive reasoning stage: what if?
• adolescent egocentrism: shares one's thoughts, feelings, and concerns
• achieved in areas of interest and experience- do we all reach the 4th stage?

• extremely active, rest needed
• roles form
• large muscle control is superior
• difficulties focusing on small print or obj
• often underestimate danger (accident rates at a peak)
• preop thought to concrete thought
• attention span is short
• learning fun

• rapid and uneven
• girls go into puberty before boys
• concrete to formal op thought
• industry versus inferiority
• identiy
• appearance (clothing)
• gender roles
• socialization with peers

• formal thought
• hypothesis testing
• follow the leader- peer groups, cliques
• sense of humor developed
• identity vs role confusion
• occupational testing
• sexual identity confusion
• rites of passage
• leisure education

• full adult physical development
• formal operation
• autonomy as an ind.
• genuine interest in welfare of others
• college based
• commercial recreation
• peer centered

• intimacy vs. isolation
• flying the coop
• marriage, family, friendship
• occupation takes front
• own social institiutions
• new couples develop shared commitments

• nesting
• parents aging
• career focused
• physical abilities begin to slide
• midlife crisis
• participation in civic and com. organizations
• home and fam centered
• physical activity needed
• self directed rather than leader directed activities

• empty nest syndrome: couples reconnect
• retirement focused
• mentor roles welcomed

• maintain independence is key
• depression (high suicide rates)
• adapting to loss
• alzheimers
• fixed income
• home based
• companionship and socialization are key
• increased strength important in preventing falls
• cognitive sharpness

• should be wonderful years
• associated with chronic illness, apathy, adaption to loss, depression, fixed incomes, bedside religion
• est. 1/3 are depressed
• recreation facilities are often a community focal point

1. duplication of warfare

2. historic events

3. religious rituals (tlachtli- mayan game stone ring, jiu jitsu-japanese samurai)

• strong class structure
• related to patterns of leisure
• commercial rec
• house of beer= major social gathering commercial sex
• resource based recreation = hunting fishing , hunting seasons established

1. earliest forms of tourism in babylon and egypt "hanging gardens"

2. museum of historic antiquities

3. understanding of natural cycles

4. hunting fishing sporting events

• monotheism
• creation as origin of earth
• laws in society
• moral culture of western civilization

• strong class structure, sexist
• property ownership
• role of women
• variation btw city states
• balanced man as goal for educated males (soldier, athlete.artist, statesman,philosopher)

major philosophers

-socrates

-plato- catharsis

-aristotle - we labor that we may have leisure- work hard play hard

olympic games (theatre, art, parks)

• taxation for public activities (roads parks, apitheaters)
• public specatcles (games, sports in broad types, ball games)

1. private enterprises flourished

-taverns, inns, resorts, social and athletic clubs, games

2. regular work schedule

-holidays (200 per year)

-established pattern of work time

3. language reflected thought (otium=leisure, negotium=business)

original centers of community development

-contemporary meanings of leisre shaped histories of culture hearths

-formalized rules of conduct

• era btw ancient and modern times in west europe
• feudalism=large estates ruled by landowners
• social class=based on expression of leisure
• life expectancy=30 yrs.
• leisure against teachings and provided STATUS

• reward/punishment perspective on life
• recreation imitated life
• archery, races, gambling, alcohol use

1.class system- few owned land

2. primogeniture- 1st born inherit

3. formation of guilds

- religious societies

- uniformity of prices and wages

- work hours and holidays = holy days

- celebrations

Moral (immoral) revolution

1. 16th cent syphilis

2. sex is rec

3. profanity and drunkenness

4. les miserables

5. coffee houses

New rec

-bear baiting, bull fighting, cock, cards, tobacco