EXAM 1 MODULE 3 - Freud's and Erickson's Theories of Development
Human Development 362 with Burkholder at University of Wisconsin - Madison
About this deck
By: Amanda Saffold
Textbook:
Infants, Children, and Adolescents (6th Edition)
Created: 2010-02-21
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 134
Textbook:
Infants, Children, and Adolescents (6th Edition)Created: 2010-02-21
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 134
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Sigmund Freud
- Armed-chair psychologist
- Studied women during the Victorian Era who were repressed (studied no children)
- Psychic energy
- Organismic Model
Psychic Energy
- Arises from biological drives and motives are mostly unconscious
- Freud analyzed women's dreams
Two basic Instincts
1. Love or pleasure (Eros)
2. Aggression or death
How do "drives" get transformed?
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
Id
= source of impulses
- pleasure principle
Ego
= decision maker
- reality principle
Superego
= conscience
- internalized values
Freud's Contributions
- Unconscious mind
- Importance of the first few years of development
- Development involves a series of age-graded stages
Freud's Stage Theory
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital
Oral
- age birth - 1
- young children stick anything possible in their mouths to determine what it is
Anal
- age 1-3
- potty training
- ability to hold/let go of urine (proper muscles to go at will)
Phallic
- age 3-6
- children become aware of anatomical differences, the world is segregated by boy/girl
- i.e. clothing sections, bathrooms
Latency
- age 6-12
- children tend to play with their same sex group
Genital
- adolescence; age 12+
- hormones
Strengths of Freud's Threory
- Attention to unconscious motives that affect behavior
- Influences developmental research and thought
- Importance of early experience
Weaknesses of Freud's Theory
- Overemphasized childhood sexuality
- Poor methodology (not using children)
Erik Erikson
- Studied under Freud
- Psychoanalyzed by Freud's daughter (Anna Freud)
- Boston's first child psychologist or analyst
Erikson's Contributions
- Developed psychosocial theory of development
- Life span theorist (birth to old age)
- Attn to cultural differences
- Development of identity
Erikson's Stage Theory (childhood stages)
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
Trust vs. Mistrust
- age 0-1
- Develop trust with mother or caregiver who will tend to their needs
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- age 1-3
- Children realize they are separate from their caregiver, they can crawl/walk
- They need to think twice when using their abilities
Initiative vs. Guilt
- age 3-6
- Thinking about the effect of their actions on other people
Industry vs. Inferiority
- age 6-11
- when children come home from school and do their homework > industry
- children have self-esteem and compare themselves to others kids in the class
Erikson's Stage Theory (adolescence and adulthood)
1. Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence)
2. Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood)
3. Generativity vs. Stagnation (adulthood)
4. Integrity vs. Despair (mature age)
Generativity vs. Stagnation (adulthood)
- Need to be generative in life and foster the next generation/young people
- Mid-life crisis > stagnation, have you actually done something with your life
Integrity vs. Despair (mature age)
- Sense that individuals feel their life has been pretty ok
- In despair individuals wish they could have done things differently
Strengths of Erikson's Theory
- Emphasized social contexts of development
- Added culture to biology
- Focused on normative developmental processes across the lifespan
Weaknesses of Erikson's Theory
- Difficult to test
- Terminology is often difficult to understand
- Doesn't explain how children move from one stage to the next (i.e. change mechanism)
About this deck
By: Amanda Saffold
Textbook: Infants, Children, and Adolescents (6th Edition)
Created: 2010-02-21
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 134
Textbook:
Infants, Children, and Adolescents (6th Edition)Created: 2010-02-21
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 134
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy