exam 1 -part2

Psychology 304 with Reeves at University of Texas - Austin

About this deck

By: Otobong ekpa
Textbook:

Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research and Everyday Experience with Coglab Manual
Created: 2010-09-30
Size: 54 flashcards
Views: 27

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morula

embryo at an early stage of embryonic development, consisting of cells (called blastomeres) in a solid ball contained within the zona pellucida.

16th cell stage

artificial insemination

sperm is implanted in the uterus trying to match the same time with the womens ovulation

or can be used to select the sex of the baby

GIFT, (Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer)

n early, and very simple ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology) technique devised in the 1980s to achieve pregnancies in most couples who have not been able to conceive using conventional treatments for infertility (despite having good sperm and normal fallopian tubes).

egg/s harvested & sperm inserted into fallopian tubes directly; higher implantation rate— 40-50%

invitro fertilization

eggs are harveted from mother or donor then fertilized in a petri dis, then implanted

implantation with this procedures can cause problems leading to multiple births which can lead to health problems

ZIFT

Zygote intra-Fallopian transfer is a technique that fertilizes egg in lab dish & then inserting zygote into Fallopian tube for more normal implantation (40-50% success

conception

14 days, when a zygote meets up with a sperm cell

mitosis, cell division

estrogen

steroid hormones produced chiefly by the ovaries and responsible for promoting estrus and the development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics.

progesterone

steroid hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy, maintains pregnancy, and promotes development of the mammary glands. The main sources of progesterone are the ovary and the placenta.

blastocyte

An undifferentiated blastomere of the morula or the blastula stage of an embryo

day 5, 6- anchored/ implanted happens before amnion is developed

cell differentiation/ organogenesis

The formation and development of the organs of living things

neural tube

dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo formed by longitudinal folding of the neural plate and differentiating into the brain and spinal cord

chorion

outer membrane enclosing the embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals. In placental mammals it contributes to the development of the placenta.

amnion

A thin membrane surrounding the fetus during pregnancy. The amnion is the inner of the two fetal membranes (the chorion is the outer one). It contains the amniotic fluid.

sex differentiation

take place in the fetus 9-38 weeks, dont develop until the 4th month. males produce androgens and females estrogens

genital tubercle

at the top that becomes a penis or clitoris

urethrolabial fold

forms testicles or labia, inward toward the line part

labioscrotal

swells, part of ball sac in the male

eve principle

the female genitalia are the default position in absence of androgens/testosterone

7-8 weeks ovotesties x,y if hormones is present will get the signal to start developing if not 11-12 weeks a female genitalia will develop

androgen insensitivity syndrome

genetic disorder leads to xy fetus to produce androgens but arent picked up by tissues therefore causing female anatomy

myelination

a fatty substance that covers neurons help carry messages quickly

spina bifida/ neural tube defects

Spina bifida, which literally means "cleft spine," is characterized by the incomplete development of the brain, spinal cord, and/or meninges

fetus

9-38 weeks

~sexual differentiation
~organizing effects of hormones
~growth/ fully developing

embryo

2-8 weeks, 2 months

~face formation
~nervous formation
~limbs

zygote

conception- 14days
~divides
~implants
~chorion, yolk sac, and umbilical cord form

teratogens

cause structural malformations

clastogens

are just harmful, break in chromosomes

thalidomide

-legal drug testrogen
anti convulsant, 20-36 critical period
blocks growth of blood cells to parts of body undergoing rapid growth
~limb deformities/ flipper like
~40% mortality rate

asprin

legal drug tertogens
~risk of low birth rate
~increase risk of hemorrhaging (bleeding) late in pregnacy or during birth

alcohol/FAS

legal drug teratogens
~crosses placenta
deprives fetus oxygen
interferes with cell differentiation
* microencephaly-retardation face deformities, stunted growth, webbed hands, skeletal problems, still birth-miscarriages

caffeine

legal teratogensincrease heart rate
cleft lip and palate

Marijuana

illegal teratogens

low birth rate
reduces fertility in men and women
crosses placenta, pass through breast milk
spontaneous abortion
was used in the past to speed up labor

Cocaine

constrict blood vessels
crosses placenta
increase risk of having stroke in the utero
placenta may detach
braindamage, microencephaly
double risk of prematurity
40 more times to die within a month of birth

Heroine/Morphine

shrill cry

high infant mortality

DES-Diethylstilbestrol

Hormones: artificial estrogen given to women back in the day to prevent miscarriages but didnt help

increased risk of vaginal cervical cancer, cervical malformation in daughters of those who took these hormones

increased testicular cancer in sons

Rubella

disease-have vaccines that should take 3 months into pregnancy

cataracts
glaucoma
hearing loss
heart malformations

cross placenta stops cells from replicating, affects immune system
messes up heart/arteries, and brain, auditory nerves

Toxoplasmosis

caused by parasite gondhi usually found in cat feces or undercooked meat

-non-infectious disease
if mother is rh(-) mother will form antibodies that will harm the baby

Rhogam is a shot given to the mother to preent harm to baby

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

disease- in herpes group
passed on through bodily fluid- mainly in daycares and breast milk
mono-type symptoms
hydrocephalus and brain calification(too much calcium deposits)

Herpes

disease

can be a danger to infants if pass through birth canal and their are lesions
can cause brain inflammation to brain and spinal cord, skin lesions, eye infections

AIDS

early exposure can cause damage brain and nerves

risk of transmission greater rick during delivery and breast feeding
drug treatment during pregnancy reduces risk of transmission to infant

syphilis/gonorrhea

silver nitrate is used to prevent blindness from gonorrhea

syphyllis- can cause spontaneous abortion
small for age infant
skin lesions

radiation

-mutagens

increase of down syndrome dna damage in germ cells of fetus
higher rate in infertility

mercury

-environmental hazards: endocrine disruptor's
crosses placenta & accumulates in fetus tissue
affect estrogen levels'/lower sperm count
causes birth defects
neurotoxin

exposure from fish and foods, dental fillings, vaccination-flu-shots (thimerosols)

PCBs

-endocrine disruptor's

chemicals with good electric insulation properties
motor skills
exposure from food chain

Lead

a neruotoxin
increases miscarriages

exposed from: lead paint, air pollution from cars

vernix

coating that keeps the baby moist as things become tighter things are smashed together keeps body parts from fusing

lanugo

hair can keep vernix in place. many genes are suppressor genes and we were covered in hair and genes shut down hair and it hasn't started yet

viability

23 gestation weeks before that not well enough developed eyes brain gastrointestinal lungs. each week adds more probability

labor

1. dilation
2.fetus enters birth canal
3. release of the placenta

oxytosin

responsible for uterine contractions

prolactin

stimulates breast, gland development for milk production

anoxia

decrease in oxygen levels from compression of umbilical cords uses adrenaline to stress hormones to keep blood flow to heart and brain high

epidural anesthesia

drug used to cause loss of pain & loss of sensation

apgar scale

neonatal assessment
measures heart rate, muscle tone, blood circulation,respiration, breathing

About this deck

By: Otobong ekpa
Textbook:

Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research and Everyday Experience with Coglab Manual
Created: 2010-09-30
Size: 54 flashcards
Views: 27

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy