Exam 1 Review

Philosophy 241 with Biss at University of Wisconsin - Madison

About this deck

By: Nadiah Zabri
Textbook:

Kant: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals

On Liberty

On the Genealogy of Morals and Ecce Homo

The Sunflower: On the Possibilities and Limits of Forgiveness (Newly Expanded Paperback Edition)

Utilitarianism and Other Essays
Created: 2010-02-08
Size: 15 flashcards
Views: 136

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Descriptive vs. Normative

Descriptive statements describes

Normative statements :

i) prescribe what should be done and evaluates what is right or wrong

Intrinsic vs. Instrumental Value

intinsic: It is valuable as an end. So it is good by it self.

instrumental good: something that leads to intrinsic good .example: going to the dentist

Psychological hedonism

(descriptive)

states that all people naturally seek pleasure and avoid pain

Normative hedonism

states that

1A) all pleasure us intrinsically good

1B) only pleasure is intrinsically good

2A) all pain is intrinsically bad

2B only pain is intrinsically bad

Utilitarianism

what ethically right is what inscreases pleasure and reduces pain for ourselves and others

also called greatest happiness principle

Psychological Egoism

(descriptive)

states people always act to further our own self interest

Ethical egoism

(normative)

People ought to act to pursue their own self interest exclusively

The Principle of Utility/The Greatest-Happiness Principle

The moral worth of an action is determined solely by its utility in providing happiness or pleasure as summed among all sentient beings.

often described by the phrase "the greatest good for the greatest number of people"

Higher and Lower Pleasures

higher pleasures is usually something that is appreciated by men with faculty of reason as opposed to animals.

Act vs. Rule Utilitarianism

Act utilitarian- morality of action is analysed on whether or not it increase utility case by case

rule utilitarian-if a rule is generally followed, it will produce an increase in utility.

Impartiality

Impartiality is the idea by Mills that each persons happiness is equally important. There should be no bias.

induction reasoning

a type of reasoning that involves moving from a set of specific facts to a general conclusion.

empirical reasoning

Reasoning made by means of observation