Exam 1 Terms

StudyBlue printing of Exam 1 Terms html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } level of analysis problem Singer states that looking at just one level of analysis creates a problem in which other levels are not represented Balance of Power the process by which states counterbalance to ensure that no single state dominates the system, or an outcome that establishes a rough equilibrium among states. State the largest actor in the contemporary international system that can legitimately use military force Kantian Peace stresses economic interdependence, common membership in international organizations, and the concept that democracies do not go to war with each other Schlieffen Plan Germany's plan that called for an attack on France first, by way of Belgium, followed by an attack on Russia. Named after General Alfred von Schlieffen, who first developed the plan in 1892; it didn't become official strategy until 1913. Containment the policy of the United States during the Cold War that checked aggressive Soviet actions by military alliances. Was an alternative to the roll back policy. The logic of force from Kennan's Long Telegram written in Moscow in 1946. Kennan argues that, in general, Russians will back down if you show force because they only respect force. Deterrence preventing an attack by threatening retaliation against the potential attacker. in the context of the Cold War, MAD retaliation Nuclear triad the combination of nuclear land, sea, and air-based retaliatory weapons. the diversification of a state's nuclear arsenal: bunkers, bombers, and submarines. Security Dilemma the situation that states face when they arm to defend themselves and in the process threaten other states. examples seen in: WWI, WWII, and the Cold War Bandwagoning the aligning of states with a greater power to share the spoils of dominance. The Cold War: Chile joining the US = choosing the greatest power. Bipolar system a system in which two states dominate a distribution of power. two major powers are in contention for domination (hegemony) or for a balance of power. External Identity the international dimension of identity of a country; it is determined by its historical and external relationships with other states. Kellogg-Briand Pact a treaty that outlawed war as a tool of diplomacy in 1928 Detente a phase of the Cold War beginning in the 1960s when France and Germany initiated diplomatic overtures to Moscow and western countries subsequently concluded agreements with the Soviet Union. *Cooperation in one part should lead to coopration in other parts* Nation a population with a shared identity and a shared purpose. ex: ethnicity, culture, language, history Proxy wars conflicts sponsored by superpowers elsewhere [in third-party states or through terrorists] as a substitute for direct conflict. Rollback John Foster Dulles's policy in the 1950s of liberating the eastern European countries from Moscow's control. New World Order a new age of cooperation at the end of the Cold War. Included the concepts of collective security and protection. Optimistic, declared by President George Bush Sr. as the new state of the international system Soft Power the attractiveness of the values or ideas of a country as distinct from its military and economic power or its negotiating behavior Transcending Strategies Schroeder describing a state's attempt to surmount international anarchy and confligo beyond the limits of conflictural politics. To solve the problem and the threat, and to prevent its recurrence through some institutuional arrangement involving an international consensus or formal agreement on norms, rules, and procedures for these purposes. Complex interdependence a dense network of interconnections emphasizing horizontal rather than vertical relationships that benefits more and more countries but also exposes them to more and more risks. Cult of the offensive a belief in offensive military power. Appeasement a policy of making concessions to a stronger or more aggressive foe because a nation is less willing to consider the use of force. Mutual Assured Destruction [MAD] the deterrence strategy that called for the dominance of offensive over defensive weapons at each level of potential conflict or escalation, including the targeting of missile sites to avoid immediately attacking civilian and industrial centers. if each side could retaliate and assure a certain amount of destruction to the other side at each level of escalation, neither side would risk escalation. Strategic Defense Initiative the space-based anti-missile systems that formed the core of Reagan's program to enhance missile defense. Civilization Conciousness concept introduced by Samuel Huntington: beoming concious of one's own civilization, a return-to-the-roots approach. Cuban Missile Crisis the Soviet Union moved medium and inter ballistic missiles (IBMs) into Cuba in 1962, supposedly to protect Cuba from an American invasion. Ended October 28, 1962. Ethnic Cleansing the systematic persecution, torture, and killing or removal of a religious or ethnic group with the intent to take over the territory of that group.