Exam 1
Psychology 2510 with Trull at University of Missouri- Columbia
About this deck
By: Rebecca Puckett
Textbook: Study Guide for Barlow/Durand's Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 4th
Study Guide for Barlow/Durand's Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 5th
Created: 2011-09-19
Size: 85 flashcards
Views: 56
Textbook: Study Guide for Barlow/Durand's Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 4th
Study Guide for Barlow/Durand's Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 5thCreated: 2011-09-19
Size: 85 flashcards
Views: 56
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mental disorder
a group of emotional, cognitive and behavioral symptoms that cause distress or significant problems
defining abnormality
-deviance from the norm
-personal- hygiene, not sleeping
-occupational- not having a job or not performing well
-social sphere-losing friends
how many american adults have a mental disorder each year?
1 in 4
psychopathologists
study mental problems to see how disorders develop and continue and how they can be prevented o alleviated
do we all have abnormal behavior?
we all have some sort of abnormal behavior in varying degrees
Greek and Roman thought
-not spirits or demons, but natural causes
-use science to study instead of torture
-therapeutic envorinments, healthy dites, exercise, massage, education
Middle Ages
- resorted back to spiritual-prayer, claser to God, confinment, exorcism
Renasissance
asylums kept them away from others and let them be
Reform Movement
-fought for the poeple in the asylums to have a better life and more rights
types of prevention
--primary
--secondary
--tertiary
primary prevention
keep healthy people from having the problems in the first place (don't do drugs)
secondary prevention
keeping a group of at risk people from getting it (fat people and diabetes)
tertiary prevention
preventing the sickness from getting worse (helping people with their diabetes)
self-stigma
-prevents people from getting help
-it's not worth it, im not worth it
public stigma
-all people with meantal illness are dangerous so we avoid them
-reinforces self-stigma
-can result in discrimination, social avoidance, and failure to seek treatment
stugma can be fought with...
education and by promoting personal contact with those with a mental disorder
the biological model
mental states, emotions, and behaviors arise from the brain function and other physical processes.
avoidance conditioning
a theory of fear development that combines classical and operant conditioning with internal states such as driving or motivating factors
basal ganglia
brain sturctures that control posture and motor activity
behavioral genetics
a research specialty that evaluates genetic and environmental influences on development of behavior
behavioral perspective
assumes that problematic symptoms develop because of the way we learn or observe others
biological model
assumes that mental states, emotions, and behaviors arise from brain function and processes
central nervous system
the brain and spinal cord, which are necessary to process information from our sensory organs and prompt our body into action if necessary
cerebral cortex
gray matter of the brain that covers almost all of each hemisphere
classical conditioning
pairing of an unconditioned stimulus so the suture presentation of a condodtioned stimulus results in a conditioned response
client-centered therapy
a humanistic therapy that relies heavily on unconditional postive regard and empathy
cognitive distortions
irrational, inaccurate thought that people have about environmental events
congnitive perspective
assumes that problematic symptoms develop because of the way we perceive and think about our present and past experiences
cognitive schema
set of beliefs or expectations that represent a network of already accumulated knowledge
cogntive-behavioral therapy
a type of treatment that focuses in the connection between thinking patters, emotions, and behavior and uses cognitive and behavioral techniques to change dysfunctional thinking patterns
conditional positive regard
an environment in which others set conditions or standards for one's life
culture
the unique behavior and lifestyle shared by a group of people
culture-bound syndromes
syndromes caused by culturally shared beliefs and ideas that lead to high levels of stress and mental disorder
defense mechanisms
strategies used by the ego to stave off threats from the id or superego
dopamine
a neurotransmitter that regulates novelty seeking, exploration, socialability, and movement
dream analysis
a psychodymanic technique to access unconcious material thought to be symbolized in dreams
ego
the organized, rational component of the personality
ethnicity
clusters of individuals who share cultural traits that distingush themselves from others
exposure treatment
a behavioral technique for reducing anxiety in which clients expose themselves to fear and avoided situations
expressed emotion
family interactions characterized by high levels of emotional over-involvement, hostility, and criticsm
family systems perspective
the idea that each family has its own structure and rules that can affect the mental health of the members
fixation
frustration and anxiety at a psychosexual stage that can cause a person to stay at that level of development
free association
a psychodynamic technique in which a client speaks continuously without censorship
frontal lobe
an area of the brain in front that is responsible for movement, planning, organizing, inhibiting behvaior, and decision making
functional analysis
a behavioral assessment strategy to understand antecedents and consequences of behavior
gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
a nuerotransmitter that inhibits various behaviors, arousal, and emotions such as anxiety
id
the deep, inaccessible portion of the personality that contains instinctual urgers
insight
-an acitve treatment whereby a client comes to understand reasons for his maladaptive behavior and how to address it
-understanding the unconcious determinants of irrational feelings, thoughts, or behaviors tohelp the person achieve insight
interpretation
a method in which a psychodynamic theorist reveals unconcious meanings of a client's thought and behaviors to help them achieve insight
latent content
the symbolic meaning of a dream's events
limbic system
an area of the brain in the forebrain that regulate emotions and impulses and is responsible for basic drives like thirst, sex and aggression
manifest content
the literal meaning of a dream
model
a systematic way of viewing and explining what we observe
modeling
learning a new skill or set of behaviors by observing another person perform the skill
molecular genetics
analysis of DNA to identify links between specific genetic material and disorders
negative reinforcement
removing an aversive event following a behavior to increase frequency of behavior (the beeping goes away when you buckle your seat belt)
neuron
the basic unit of the nervous system that comprises a cell body, dendrites, one or more axons and terminal buttons
neurotransmitters
chemical messengers that allow a nerve impulse to cross the synapse
norepinephrine
a neurotransmitter that regulates certain behvarios and reactions, includign those necessary for emergency or highly stressful situations
occipital lobe
an area of the brain behind the pareital and temporal lobes associated with vision
psychic determinism
an assumption of psychodynamic theory that everything we do has meaning and purpose and is goal directed
antecedents
stimuli or events that proceed a behavior
axis I
major clinical disorders that emerege and end in the life cycle
axis II
lifelong disorders such as personality disorders or mental retardation
axis III
current medical conditions relevant to understanding or treating a person's axis I or II disorder
axis IV
psychosocial and environmental problems relevant to a presenting problem
axis V
quantitative estimate of patient's overall level of functioning
CT
uses x rays of the brain to identify structural abnormalities
concurrent validity
whether current test or interview results relate to an important feature or characteristic at the present time
construct validity
whether test results relate to other measures or behaviors in a logical, theoretically expected fashion. does it make sense when compared to other reasons
dimensional approach
defining mental disorder on a continuum. varying types of the disorder, some more serious and some more mild
categorical approach
yes or no all or nothing. works well for physical disorders but not for mental ones
content validity
is it actually testing what we want it to test?
electrocaridiogram
graphical description of heart rate
electroencephalogram
measure of brain activity
functional analysis
a behavioral assessment strategy to understand antecedents and consequences of behavior
galvanic skin conductance
a psychophysiological measure of the electical conductance of skin
internal consistency reliability
extent to which test items appear to be measuring the same thing
internal validity
extent to which a researcher can be confident that changes in the depent variable are truly the result of manipulation of the dependent variable
interrater reliability
extent to which two raters ot observers agree about their ratings or judgments of a person's behavior
metabolites
by-products of neurotransmitters that can be detected in urine, blood, and cerebral spine fluid
neurochemical assessment
biological assessment of dysfunctions in specific neurotransmitter systems
organismic variables
a person's physiological or cognitive characteristics important for understanding a problem and and determining treatment
projective test
people faced wiht an ambiguous stimulus such as an inkblot will project thier own needs. personality and conflicts
quasi-experimental method
a study in which an in which an independent variable is manipulated but people aren't selected or randonly assigned into groups. examines groups that already exist (people already diagnosed with depression compared to those without depression
About this deck
By: Rebecca Puckett
Textbook: Study Guide for Barlow/Durand's Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 4th
Study Guide for Barlow/Durand's Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 5th
Created: 2011-09-19
Size: 85 flashcards
Views: 56
Textbook: Study Guide for Barlow/Durand's Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 4th
Study Guide for Barlow/Durand's Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 5thCreated: 2011-09-19
Size: 85 flashcards
Views: 56
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
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