Exam 1

History 100 with Dempsey at University of Nebraska - Lincoln

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By: Tosha Skinner
Created: 2011-10-10
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Paleolithic Age

early period of human history (2500000-10000 b.c.)

Neolithic Revolution

a significant change in living patterns that occured in the New Stone Age after 10000 b.c.

civilization

a complex culture in which large numbers of hman beings share a variety of common elements

Mesopotamia

the valley between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Southwest Asia, the land "between the rivers"

ziggurat

a massive step tower that temples dedicated to chief gods and goddess where built

theocracy

government by a divine authority

polytheistic

numerous gods and goddesses animating all aspects of the universe

divination

the practice of seeking to foretell future events by interpreting divine signs, which could appear in various forms, such as in entrails of animals, in patterns in smoke, or in dreams

cuneiform

"wedge-shaped" A system of writing developed by the Sumerians that consisted of wedge-shaped impressions made by a reed stylus on clay tablets

hieroglyphics

a pictorial system of writing used in ancient worlds

The Epic of Gilgamesh

the most famous piece of Mesopotamian literature, an epic poem that records the exploits of legendary king of Uruk

Codes of Hammurabi

most complete Mesopotamian law code, a collection of 282 laws

Monotheism

the belief that ther is only one God for all people

Pentateuch

the five books of the Hebrew bible

Torah

the body of law in Hebrew Scripture, contained in the Pentateuch

Diaspora

the scattering of Jews throughout the ancient world after the Babylonian captivity in the sixth century b.c.

Homer

a poem writer, who wrote epic poems-Iliad and Odyssey

Minoan

the earliest civilization in the Aegean region that emerged on the large island of Crete, named after the legendary king Minos

Mycenaean

a greek society that formed between 1600-1100 b.c., part of the Indo-European family

The Greek Dark Ages

the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization, a difficult period which population declined and food production dropped

polis

an ancient Greek city-state encomoassing both an urban area and its surrounding countryside; a small but autonomous political unit where all major political and social activities were carried out centrally

hoplites

heavily armed infantry soldiers in ancient Greece who entered battle in a phalanx formation

phalanx

a rectangular formation of tightly massed infantry soldiers

tryants

in an ancient Greek polis a ruler who came to power in an unconstitutional way and ruled without being subject to the law

helots

serfs in ancient Sparta who were permanently bound to the land that they worked for their Sparta masters

oligarchy

rule by few

Pericles

an aristocrat who ruled Athens, who expanded democracy at home while serving its ties with Sparta and expanding its new empire abroad

Xerxes

A Persian monarch, who ruled after Dariusm but was revenged and expansion

Hellenistic

literally, "imitating the Greeks"; the era after the death of Alexander the Great when Greek culture spread into the Near East and blended with culture of that region

gymnasium

in classical Greece, a place for athletics; in the Hellenistic Age, a secondary school with a curriculm centered on music, physical exercise, and literature

Epicureanism

a philosophy founded by Epicurus in the fourth century b.v. that taught that hapiness could be achieved through the oursuit of pleasure

Stoicism

a philsophy founded by Zeno in the fourth century b.c. that taught that happiness could be obtained by accepting one's lot and living in harmony with the will of God, thereby achieving inner peace

mystery religion

religions that involve initiation into secret rites that promise intense emotional involvement with spiritual forces and a greater chance of individual immorality

socratic method

a form of teaching that uses a question-and-answer format to enable students to rech conclusions by using their own reasoning

rhetoric

the art of persuasive speaking in the Middle Ages, one of the seven liberal arts

Plato

a disciple of Socrates; he asked the question how do we know whats real

Socrates

a philospher, with no writing

imperium

the Roman Republic, the right to command troops that belonged to the chief executice officers; a military commander was knwn as an imperator. In the Roman Empire, the title imperator(emperor) came to be used for the ruler

consuls

the chief executive officers of the Roman Republic. Two were chosen annually to administer the government and lead the army in battle

centuriate assembly

the chief popular assembly of the Roman Republic. It passed laws and elected the chief magistrates

patricians

great landowners who became the ruling class in the Roman Republic

plebeians

the class of Roman citizens that included nonpatrician landowners, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers in the Roman Republic. Their struggle for equal right with the patricians dominated much of the Republic's history

latifundia

large landed estates in the Roman Empire

Etruscans

people who settled north of Rome in Etruria, the initial development of Rome

Virgil

the most distinguished poet of the Augustan Age, the masterpiece was The Aenied

The twelve tables

the first formal codification of Roman laws and customs