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- Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin - Madison
- Nutritional Sciences
- Nutritional Sciences 132
- Anderson
- EXAM 2 - Lipids in Chronic Disease: CHD - PART 3
EXAM 2 - Lipids in Chronic Disease: CHD - PART 3
Nutritional Sciences 132 with Anderson at University of Wisconsin - Madison
About this deck
By: Amanda Saffold
Textbook: Nutrition - Ecology and Behavior
Created: 2010-03-14
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 46
Textbook: Nutrition - Ecology and Behavior
Created: 2010-03-14
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 46
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Incidence of CHD
- Leading cause of death in US
- Half of CHD deaths at >65
- Began to increase ~1920
- Peaked in 1965
- Decline due to emergency medical treatment and not due to prevention
Pathology
- Study of the disease process
Artheoschlerosis
- Thickening and narrowing of arterial walls
- Caused by formation of plaques
Plaques
- Invasion of cholesterol into intima
- Diminishes circulation, clots block blood
Angina
- Chest pains when heart muscles don't get enough blood
Clot
- Formed by hemorrhage of plaque
- Travels through blood vessel
Ischemia
- Insufficient blood flow (insufficient oxygen)
- Ischemia to the brain is a stroke
Begins at early age
- Arteries usually not narrow enough to clot
- Prevention should begin young but symptoms don't develop until later
Etiology
- The study of causes
Multiple Etiology
- Multiple factors involved
Risk Factors
- Seem to be associated with the disease but can't be determined as a cause
Controllable Risk Factors
- Smoking
- High blood pressure
- Obesity
- Lack of exercise
Uncontrollable Risk Factors
- Increasing age
- Gender
- Family
- Positive family history increase risk especially in parents and siblings
Blood Lipids
- Mainly fatty acids and cholesterol
- Density and type determines influence on metabolism
LDL
- Transports cholesterol to artery wall
- Levels decreased by estrogen (women during menopause are more protected)
HDL
- Scavenges cholesterol from artery wall
- Decreased risk of heart attack
- Increased by exercise, weight lose, and moderate alcohol intake
Increased Risk of Heart Disease
- An LDL to HDL ratio greater than 5 to 1 in men or 4.5 to 1 in women
Reduced Risk of Heart Disease
- An LDL to HDL ratio of less than 5 to 1 in men and 4.5 to 1 in women
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
- Condition passed down through families
- Person has 'bad cholesterol' levels beginning at birth
Dietary Cholesterol becoming Blood Cholesterol
- Ex) eating bacon and digesting it
- Dietary cholesterol has a modest effect on blood cholesterol
Vegans
- Eat zero cholesterol
- Must make it themselves because they can't get it from their diets
Saturated Fat
- Causes you to synthesize more cholesterol
- Increases LDL
- Single worst factor in cholesterol
Polyunsaturated Fats
Omega-6: vegetable oils - lower LDL and HDL, more good than bad
Omega-3: fish oils - have little effect on LDL but yet decrease risk of heart attack, blood less likely to clot
Monounsaturated Fats
- Olive oils, canola oils, avocado oils and sesame oils
- Lower LDL
- Little to no effect on HDL
- Don't hurt the 'good cholesterol'
Transfatty Acids
- Hydrogenation (bubbling hot gas)
- Behave like saturated fats (as in what they do to your heart disease risk)
Soluble Fiber
- Binds with the bile acids in the gut and makes an insoluble compound
- Reduces reabsorption
- Lowers LDL
Alcohol
- Moderate intake = increases HDL levels
- Any quantity = increases cancer risk
- A drink or less per day for women, 1-2 drinks per day for men
- Higher intakes will increase risk of heart disease
Diet Recommendations
- 30% fat
- <10% of calories wanted from saturated fat
- Cholesterol intake should be below <300mg per day
About this deck
By: Amanda Saffold
Textbook: Nutrition - Ecology and Behavior
Created: 2010-03-14
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 46
Textbook: Nutrition - Ecology and Behavior
Created: 2010-03-14
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 46
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy