Exam 2 Operant Conditioning

Operant Conditioning ? ? pi ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? pi ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? pi ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (pi ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? o The organisms learns the relationships between their behavior and the consequences ? Operant behavior ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? µ ? ? ? ? o ANY event that is rewarding and strengthens the probability of a behavior ? o Increases the probability of a behavior being repeated ? o Varies by individual ? o Varies by situation ? o Only truly identifiable in hindsight ? o Primary Reinforcers ? Associated with biological needs ? Innately reinforcing stimuli ? o Conditioned (secondary) reinforcers ? Reinforcement value determined through learned association with a primary reinforcer ? o Immediate vs. delayed ? Humans display a greater capacity for accepting delayed reinforcement ? Inability to recognize or value delayed reinforcement associated with addictions ? o Continuous vs. Intermittent ? Continuous results in more immediate learning and subject to extinction ? o Fixed-ratio ? Reinforcement occurs after a set number of occurrences or events ? Responses decrease immediately following reinforcement, then resume at a high rate ? o Variable-ratio ? Reinforcement occurs after an unknown number of occurrences ? o Fixed interval ? Reinforcement occurs after a set amount of time ? Long pause in response after a reward, followed by a high rate of response at the end of period ? o Variable ratio ? Reinforcement occurs after an unkn