Exam 2 Review
Educational Psychology 321 with Brown at University of Wisconsin - Madison
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Brown and Steinberg
Extracurricular participants tended to have better grades. Time spent on homework correlated positively with time spent in the ECA. Glory sports associated with delinquency, whereas leadership, clubs and performing had lowest deviance.
Donna Eder
Participant observation related to ECAs which found that specific ECAs related to specific status cliques, reinforced gender roles (football vs. cheerleading) and power differences between the sexes.
Bonnie Barber
Breakfast Club identities showed gender role appropriate activities were related to higher status crowds. ECAs associated with specific characters. Sports exposed people to riskier friends than clubs.
Cigdem Kagitcibasi
Two dimensions of autonomy:
1. Interpersonal distance
2. Agency
Best to be related, but autonomous.
1. Interpersonal distance
2. Agency
Best to be related, but autonomous.
Andrew Collins
Expectation, Violation and Realignment (EVR) as to changes that occur in autonomy for adolescents.
Altered expectations and hidden violations can change outcomes.
Altered expectations and hidden violations can change outcomes.
Kerr and Stattin
What parents know is what teens tell them. Teen disclosure is more important than teen monitoring.
Catrin Finkenauer
Most adolescents keep secrets, and degree of secrecy in adolescence indicates how well they're adjusting, e.g. many secrets implies poor adjustment.
Judith Smetana
Social Domain Theory.
1. Moral
2. Prudential
3. Conventional
4. Personal
Parents have a right to knowledge about prudential issues, but when they think a personal issue is in another domain it creates conflict.
1. Moral
2. Prudential
3. Conventional
4. Personal
Parents have a right to knowledge about prudential issues, but when they think a personal issue is in another domain it creates conflict.
What are the different methods of strategic disclosure? What is the most popular?
1. Full disclosure
2. Partial disclosure (most common)
3. Avoiding conversations
4. Deception
5. Keeping secrets
2. Partial disclosure (most common)
3. Avoiding conversations
4. Deception
5. Keeping secrets
Mizuko Ito
Three genres of internet participation:
1. Hanging out
2. Messing around
3. Geeking out
1. Hanging out
2. Messing around
3. Geeking out
What is the one proven developmental benefit of part-time work during adolescence?
Adolescents develop skills related to the job.
How many hours per week is recommend for working?
10 hours or less.
German Secondary School System
1. Gymnasium (college)
2. Realschule (apprenticeship)
3. Haptschule (trade school)
2. Realschule (apprenticeship)
3. Haptschule (trade school)
Jutta Heckhausen
Over time dream job aligns with credentials.
Stephan Hamilton
Idea for implementing apprenticeship in the US, e.g. include all aspects of industry.
What is the percentage of kids in school in 1900? In 1990?
10% and then 90%.
Andrew Carnegie
Graduates should have basic disciplines. Carnegie Units, i.e. credits defined by academic hours.
Joan Lipsitz
Wrote a book "Growing Up Forgotten" about early adolescents which aren't having their schooling catered to their developmental time in life. Introduces middle school.
Jacque Eccles
"Stage-environment fit."
Healthy development requires that environment can support abilities.
"Zone of proximal development." (Vigotsky)
Healthy development requires that environment can support abilities.
"Zone of proximal development." (Vigotsky)
Maehr and Midgley
Target system, focusing on students that either align with the performance track (inherent) or the mastery track (progress).
Daniel Tatum
"Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?" Racial identity or ethnic prejudice?
What are the six ways teens influence one another from indirect to direct?
1. Modeling
2. Obstruction
3. Structuring opportunities
4. Reinforcement
5. Antagonism
6. Peer pressure
2. Obstruction
3. Structuring opportunities
4. Reinforcement
5. Antagonism
6. Peer pressure
Patricia and Peter Adler
Peer power.
How high status clique leaders retain their position, maintain group norms, build alliances and manage membership.
How high status clique leaders retain their position, maintain group norms, build alliances and manage membership.
August Hollingshead
Elmtown's Youth study that showed cliques were segregated down class lines, to the point that 60% of adolescent relationships were from within the same class.
Dexter Dunphy
The evolution of cliques based on heterosexual socialization.
1. Sex cleavage
2. Clique leaders incite intermingling
3. Affirmed by parties
4. Breaks down into couples
1. Sex cleavage
2. Clique leaders incite intermingling
3. Affirmed by parties
4. Breaks down into couples
James S. Coleman
Proponent of and thus against youth culture; the idea that peer influence draws adolescents away from adult norms. Also had that triangle diagram about the perfect adolescent using three criteria:
1. Most popular
2. Brilliant student
3. Athlete
1. Most popular
2. Brilliant student
3. Athlete
Newman and Newman
Thought the purpose of peer groups was to provide a group identification from which autonomy and self identification could occur.
Brad Brown
The purpose of peer groups as a combination of many theorists' ideas:
1. Caricature (Newman and Newman)
2. Channel (Hollingshead)
3. Context (Coleman, Dunphy)
1. Caricature (Newman and Newman)
2. Channel (Hollingshead)
3. Context (Coleman, Dunphy)
Bradford Brown
Crowd affiliation decreases post-adolescence.
David Kinney
Status hierarchies evolve throughout adolescence, becoming flatter and more diverse; e.g. starts with trendies and dweebs top and bottom, and then jocks, brains, toughs, etc. are introduced.
Diana Baumrind
She contributed the idea of several parenting styles.
Eleanor Maccoby
She refined the parenting styles down to two attributes, Reponsiveness and Demandingness. This produces a sort of Punnett Square of four possible styles:
1. Authoritative
2. Authoritarian
3. Indifferent
4. Indulgent
1. Authoritative
2. Authoritarian
3. Indifferent
4. Indulgent
Steinburg and Dornbusch
They studied the effect of the four parenting styles provided by Maccoby, attempting to determine the best one.
As it turns out, it's authoritative which results in individuals high in achievement, engagement and self-confidence while low in deviance.
This does not necessarily follow in Asian and African American contexts.
As it turns out, it's authoritative which results in individuals high in achievement, engagement and self-confidence while low in deviance.
This does not necessarily follow in Asian and African American contexts.
Ruth Chao
Argued that the reason authoritative parenting might not work for Asian and African Americans is that our definition of authoritative might not be the same in the context of different cultures.
Anna Freud
Following her father, she believes that adolescence is an inherently stressful period. This is due to puberty introducing parent-oriented sexual drives in the Id which conflict with the moral drives of the Super Ego. Thus, the Ego must resolve this through individuation, the process of refocusing those desires onto peers.
Margaret Mead
That Anna Freud's theory is false given she has seen stress-less adolescence in the Somoan girls. Although she kind of fudged this by mentioning that uncles were a respite from parents, implying stress.
Daniel Offer
He's a psychoanalyst that saw normal teens showing little conflict with their parents. Conflict in adolescence is usually preceded by conflict in childhood.
Hill and Steinberg
That family conflict peaks at the pubertal apex, the middle of puberty. They also found that as puberty progresses, four things happen:
1. Closeness to parents declines
2. Feelings of autonomy rose
3. Male acceptance of parents decreased
4. Female dislike of mother increased
1. Closeness to parents declines
2. Feelings of autonomy rose
3. Male acceptance of parents decreased
4. Female dislike of mother increased
Clay Brittain
Found that peer influence is only strong in certain domains and at its strongest around age 14 when the adolescent is just distancing parental influence.
Peer influence is strongest for day to day and social issues, whereas parental influence is stronger over more difficult or long term decisions.
Peer influence is strongest for day to day and social issues, whereas parental influence is stronger over more difficult or long term decisions.
About this deck
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
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STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj