Exam 2 - Titles and Groups

“defender.” Members of the early church who responded to Pagan criticism of Christianity by explaining what Christians believed and how they lived their live in terms that made sense to outsiders.

“overseer.” In early Christianity, bishops were overseers of local churches, chiefly responsible for teaching and presiding at the Eucharist.

A group of Christian priests whose theological advances are reflected in the clarifications of the Nicene Creed adopted at the Council of Constantinople.

One who holds that Jesus did not have two natures—one human and one divine—but only one.

Bishop of one of the the leading seats of early Christianity.

From the Latin word meaning “father.” The Bishop of  Rome.

From the Greek word monachos meaning “a single or a solitary person”.

The head of a community of monks.

Candidates for Baptism who were undergoing instruction in the Christian religion.

People who were denied communion because of serious sin such as murder, adultery, or apostasy.

Meaning “chosen.” The Manichees used it to refer specifically to their leaders.

The name given to the members of the Manichees who did not have leadership roles.

A group of Christians that split from the main body of the church in the fourth century A.D. in a dispute over whether priests or bishops who collaborated with Roman persecutors of Christianity could retain their offices or administer the sacraments.

Supporters of icons.

Opponents of icons.