Exam 2 UNIT 9

-conceptus develops from pinpoint to size of a sesame seed

-umbilical cord and placenta start to form, allows, oxygen and waste transfer

-week 3 conceptus is 1/12^th inch, week 8 conceptus is 1 inch

develops:

-ectoderm (nervous system including brain and skin)

-mesoderm (muscle, skeleton, reproductive and circulatory systems)

-endoderm (digestive and respiratory systems)

-organogenesis (end of embryo period rudiments of all systems are present with concurrent primitive function)

-week 12 conceptus is 4 inches, 2/3 ounce

-week 24 conceptus is 14 inches, 2.2 pounds

-week 24 perceptual function (including pain) begin to establish

-month 5 detectable heart beat

-month 6 responds to light, sounds, engages in reflexive thumb sucking

-week 38 conceptus is 20 inches, 7.5 pounds (full term birth)

-maturation of nervous system and respiratory system

-remove the endometrium preemptively

-conceptus is 0-14 days (no larger than a sesame seed)

-not legally abortion because pregnancy cannot be confirmed with HCG tests

-menstrual extraction (weeks 3-4, aspiration of the endometrium with large syringe)

-mifepristone RU486 (weeks 3-4, pill impairs growth of endometrium)

-insertion of an IUD (weeks 3-4, mechanical expulsion of endometrium)

-mifepristone RU 486 plus misoprostol (chemical expulsion, mifepristone blocks progesterone induces endometrial shedding; misoprostol uses prostaglandin to induce uterine contractions which results in expulsion of conceptus)

-methotrexate plus misoprostol (chemical expulsion, methotrexate interferes with cell growth of zygote)

-vacuum aspiration (86% of all abortions, surgical mechanical extraction)

-dilation and curettage (D&C) (surgical mechanical extraction)

-dilation and evacuation (D&E) (surgical mechanical extraction)

-mifepristone plus gemeprost (chemical expulsion)

-late-term intact D&X (surgical mechanical extraction, safest for late 2^nd trimester, inject fetal heat with digoxin, extract intact fetus)

-labor induction instillation (chemical expulsion, causes premature birth)

-hysterotomy (emergency major abdominal surgery, basically a C-section, last resort)

-usually when pregnancy is a threat to woman’s life, or major fetal defects

-intact D&X (safest method in 3^rd trimester)

-hysterotomy (emergency C-section to end pregnancy not always to kill fetus)

-labor induction (paired with digoxin to stop fetal heart)

-birth control

-more effective methods of birth control

-more effective use of existing birth control due to improved knowledge

-doctor/midwife is criminal for inflicting harm on women, not fetus

-D&L was main technique for abortion

-become illegal to have an abortion without consent and participation of a physician

-threat to mother’s life becomes sole basis for deciding merit of the case

-quickening is no longer in definition of abortion

-abortion is immoral, but not murder

-Papal ruling that “quick” as well as “unquick” life must be preserved

-Congressional Comstock Obsenity Laws

-it’s a crime to import, distribute, advertise or sell devices or info about abortion/contraceptives

-Papal ruling that any intent to terminate pregnancy at any time during gestation was immoral (but nor murder), threatens to increase non-WASP birth rate

-illegal for married women to have abortion without husband’s consent

-Margaret Sanger lobbies for married women’s legal right to birth control

-opens clinics, arrested repeatedly

-physicians are exempt from Comstock Laws on importation of birth control

-in 1960 all 50 states have at least partial ban on abortion (exceptions include rape, etc.)

-doctor’s promote “right to health” to legalize abortion

-women promote “right to choose” to legalize abortion

-some states legalize “elective abortion”

-supreme court establishes abortion as a fundamental constitutional right under “right to privacy”

-1^st trimester women has unrestricted right to choose

-2^nd trimester permits regulation by doctors to preserve women’s health

-3^rd trimester society grants right to life to fetus (unless threat to women’s life)

-federal money will NOT fund abortion (makes it harder for the poor and military to do)

-states are allowed to fund abortion

-supreme court weakens Roe v. Wade

-now woman has a limited constitutional right to terminate a pregnancy

-supreme court grants states the right to impose restrictions

-most restrictions okay with exception of mandatory spousal notification or consent

-mandatory waiting periods and parental notification increase 2^nd trimester abortions especially in teens

-fails to pass at federal level

-supreme courts allows barring of demonstrators from blockading abortion clinics following the murder of an abortion doctor

-1999- federal jury fines pro life group $107 million for inciting murder/violence

-mostly focused on later term intact D&X procedure

-congress passes federal ban (ruled unconstitutional)

-federal crime to kill or injure a pregnant woman’s fetus (excludes abortion)

-congressional act to establish fetus as a person upon conceptus fails (2004)

-restrict legal access to abortion

-threaten the practice of abortion

-reduce sexual behavior that causes unwanted pregnancy

-stress moral obligation and repugnance

-separate reproduction from the relational/recreational aspects of sex

-encourage relinquishment for adoption

-make rearing the infant/child more tenable