Exam 2

-the tunnel (or barrel) vault

-cross or groined

-semicircular arch

-very tall

-flying buttresses

-ornamentation dominates interior and exterior

-stained glass windows and play with light

-princely leader

-embodies the pure spiritual world

-ribebd vaulted ceilings

-taller, thinner piers

-rise in merchant cities and trade leads to loss of feudal system which is agrigarial based

-rise of the middle class= burger class

wealthy merchants that created a strong sense of order and prosperity and a middle class

-craftsmen/commercial artist v. creative

-Dutch/Belgian Northern Renaissance v. Italian Renaissance

-creative artist v. humble servant of God

-white areas hollowed out

-printed part raised (like a stamp)

-allowed books to be made in mass quantities and reach the poor

-more profitable for artists, more circulation

-printed with copper plates

-opposite of woodcut, draws paint out of cracks that have been etched

-popular in Northern Europe

-for more wealthy customers

-beginnings of the reformation

-criticized the pomp and circumstance of the catholic church

-Knight, Death and the Devil

-St. Jerome

-Meloncholia (angel and baby angel)

-humanism (study of languages, arts, and sciences)

-printing press (books no longer just owned by churches and people could begin to interpret them for themselves)

-the Empire was very large and it was hard to consolidate power

-attacked indulgences

-attacked Pope's right to assign purgatory

-thought that people should be able to interpret the Bible for themselves

-said Jews could be citizens if they became more German

-actually not tolerant at all

-argued for Jews being emancipated

-gov has no right dealing with religion

-criticizes requirement for Jews to change to become emancipated