Exam 2
Psychology 350 with Cheries at University of Massachusetts, Amherst
About this deck
By: Madison DeCapo
Created: 2011-11-06
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 27
Created: 2011-11-06
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 27
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habituation
habituation- decline in arousal from being shown the same stimulus over and over
dishabituation- increase in arousal from new stimulus
dishabituation- increase in arousal from new stimulus
preferential looking
infant looks longer at more interesting stimulus, or stimulus that they haven't been habituated to. has shown they prefer patterns, visual acuity test with stripes,
a not b task
child repeatedly finds object under towel A, then when it's switched to towel B in plain view, they still look under A
memory difficulties? look at B even though they reach for A- can't resist looking under A?
memory difficulties? look at B even though they reach for A- can't resist looking under A?
face perception
newborns prefer any top heavy oval pattern. as they get older, start to recognize different faces. prefer pretty people, big eyes, mother's face
depth perception
binocular cues
pictoral cues-
dynamic cues- movement of objects in environment
pictoral cues-
dynamic cues- movement of objects in environment
perceptual consistency
perceiving object as having consistent size, color, etc. visual experience not necessary.
sensation
low level processing of basic info from external world by sense organs
perception
more complex psychological process than sensation
convergence
eyes crossing to focus on close objects
statistical learning
infants are sensitive to statistically predictive patterns
object permanence
3 months- none
4- lift cloth from partially covered object, will react when object "disappears"
8- will search for completely covered object
12- pass a not b
4- lift cloth from partially covered object, will react when object "disappears"
8- will search for completely covered object
12- pass a not b
accomodation
process of modifying schemas to fit new things
assimilation
process of interpreting experience in terms of current schemas
equilibration
innate self-regulatory process that through accomodation and assimilation results in more organized and powerful schemas for adapting to the environment
Object support relations and violations
3 mo-only contact matters
5-type of contact (box on side of block instead of on top)
65- amount of contact (hanging off edge)
125-shape
5-type of contact (box on side of block instead of on top)
65- amount of contact (hanging off edge)
125-shape
infants & numbers
magic tests (1+1=2)
habituating 6 month olds to 8 or 16 dots, showing new number, they react more
go for cup with more graham crackers in it
as young as 5 months, precise understanding of small numbers (1-3), approximate understanding of large numbers
habituating 6 month olds to 8 or 16 dots, showing new number, they react more
go for cup with more graham crackers in it
as young as 5 months, precise understanding of small numbers (1-3), approximate understanding of large numbers
counting
by 3, most children memorize counting to 10 as a meaningless list, takes up to 1.5 years to actually understand.
some cultures don't have words for exact numbers, have problems counting (knocking video). some use body parts to represent numbers
some cultures don't have words for exact numbers, have problems counting (knocking video). some use body parts to represent numbers
information processing
theoretical approach that views humans as having a limited ability to process information, like computers
dynamic systems
theoretical orientation that explains development as the emerging organization arising from the interaction of many different processes
core knowledge theory
idea that infants possess innate knowledge of certain properties of objects, as well as other basic concepts
perspective taking
ability to put oneself i another person's place
egocentrism
preoperational child's inability to separate his or her own perspective from those of others
model room study
fail until 3 years- memory? symbol referent relationship?
children succeed if they're tricked into thinking room shrunk, so only fail model room because of the dual representation
children succeed if they're tricked into thinking room shrunk, so only fail model room because of the dual representation
false beliefs
doll and smarties tests
dolls- fail until 3.5-4
smarties- pass sooner
dolls- fail until 3.5-4
smarties- pass sooner
shape melodrama
1 year olds attribute emotions to inanimate things, just like adults
language critical period
becomes much more difficult somewhere between 5 and puberty. evidence- feral children, brain damage at different ages, bilingual adults who acquired second language at different ages
learning constraints
whole-object assumption
mutual exclusivity assumption
mutual exclusivity assumption
synactic bootstrapping
strategy in which
children use the grammatical structure of whole
sentences to figure out meaning
children use the grammatical structure of whole
sentences to figure out meaning
fast mapping
learning word from even one indirect exposure
morpheme
s, ed, ing...
phoneme
smallest unit of sound that changes meaning of words
syntax
grammatical rules that dictate how words can be combined
semantics
meanings of words or combinations of words
About this deck
By: Madison DeCapo
Created: 2011-11-06
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 27
Created: 2011-11-06
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 27
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
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