Exam 2
Geology 204 with Hanger at University of Wisconsin - Whitewater
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origin of the the oceans
outgassing of valcanos-hot H2O vapor condenses after erruption and falls as precipition
layers of the earth
continental crust-oceans crust
lithosphere
asthenoshere
origin of life
life=reproduce + metabolize elements + energy source = simple amino acids formed and concentrating to create metabolizing "organisms"
origin of atmosphere
outgassing of valcanos - early atmosphere was H2O deficient H2O increased from rock high in iron and plants emitting H2O
Organic Evolution
speciation mechanisms, types of selection, rates of divergence continue to alter living organisms in populations to produce vast diversity
Origin of Continents
bonded iron formations replaced by continental sed beds = O rich atmosphere
Oceanic Plateus
thick masses of basalt, oceanic crust; may be large enought to be emergent islands - originate at Mid-Ocean Ridge, pushed toward subduction zones too thick to be subducted, get scraped off into continent (clogged toliet)
Terranes
bodies of land found today as part of the edges of continents by may have originated as oceanic platous far away so sometimes called exotic terranes added to continents by accretion
Divergent
caused by tension and stress, generates sea floor spreading, creates new oceanic crusts and basins and Mid- Ocean Ridges, extensive basalt volcanism, many shallow focus earthquakes, < > red sea and atlantic ocean
Convergent
continetal crust >< oceanic crust, created by compression stress - adesite volcanism, extensive shallow moderate and deepest focus depth earthquakes, creates sudduction zone with deep ocean trenches. Andeas Mountains
Wegener
came up with the idea of continetal drift
Continetal Drift Evidense
shore line fits together
similar rock types
fossils
Fossils on Continetal Drifts
glossopteris- seed fern
mesosaurus - fresh water reptiles slow land dwellers
Megaevolution
counting how many species genera, ect. exist globally for specific time periods; reveals both adaptive radioation and mass extinctions
Taxonomic Hierachy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Microevolution
small scale evolutionary changes due mostly to natural selection, includes speciation events
Macroevolution
larger "events" such as the origin of higher taxonomic levels
Punctuated Equilibrium
long periods of little to no evolutionary change, sudden changes in morphology (punctuations)
Phyletic Gradualism
many small changes in morphology of populations over very long periods of time (giraff neck longer, cheetah faster)
Mass Extinction
short time interval when many species die
adaptive radiation
long time interval when many species are formed
allopatric speciation
isolated population can change with natural selection when seperated by a barrier, divergense begins
Speciation
if natural selection operates long enough and if different populations of the smae species have different natural selection pressures then populations diverge to the point where they can't interbreed
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