Exam 2!

Geology 101 with Arthurs at University of Nebraska - Lincoln

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By: Molly Kudym
Created: 2012-02-19
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 19

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Rock

Aggregate or assemblage of one or more types of materials

Good example or a rock?

Quartzite, grains of quartz ae bound together.

Classifications of rocks

Mineral composition and Texture(size and shape)

How do rocks form?

Magma cools and grains assemble themselves, or when ions cristallize out of waters rich in dissolved ions (precipitation) or when preexisting materials chemically and physically transform while in soid state.

Igneous Rock

Rocks that form when minerals crystallize from a cooling body of magma

Crystalline texture

rock consists of interlocking mineral crystals

Basalt

etrusive igneous rock found in oceanic crust rick in plagioclase feldspar and ferromagnesian minerals

Granite

intrusive which contains few ferromagnesia minerals, rich in quartz and potassium feldspar.

Two types of weathering

Physical and Chemical

Physical weathering

causes rock to disintegrate into smaller pieces by physical means. freezing and thawing repetitivelyor dissolved ions fracture it.

Chemical Weathering

decomposition via chemical reactions. Climate and availability of water are key factors in this weathering

3 types of weathering

Dissolution- minerals completely dissplve or disassociate in water.

Hydrolysis-water molecules directly take part in the breakdown of minerals releasing dissolved ions and prodicuing new minerals called weathering products

Oxidation-electrons that are gained or lost take part in the breakdown of minerals releasing both dissolved ions and producing weathering prod.

Sedimentary rocks

Form when weathered rock fragments that chemically pecipitate from dissolved ions are reassembled to form layered rock sequence.

Detrital rocks

consist of preexisting rock and mineral fragments cemented to form a solid rock.

Shale

sedimentary rocks diminated by fine clay sized particled

Sandstone

more coarse sand grains sedimentary rocks

Limestone

most common chemical sedimentary rocks consisting of calcite

Chalk

fossiliferous limestone of tiny calcite shells made of single celled plants and animals

Chert

within limestone, dense composed of extremely fine interlocking crystals of quartz. Good for tools

Evaporites

Body of water evaporates and dissolved iopns are so great in concntration that they precipitate. Halite and gypsum(sheetrock and drywall)

Coal

Sedimentary rock composed of plant remains which accumulates in oxygen poir conditions like swamps. Transformed first into peat, then chemically and physically changes.

Metamorphic rock

Alters rocks by some combination of heat pressure and fluids.

Contact metamorphism

Magma comes into contact with preezisting rocks and heat causes minerals to recrystallize into larger grains or into more stable minerals.

regional metamorphism

deeply buried rocks are exposed to high temp and pressure, transforms them to recrystallize or more stable minerals

Foliated texture

parallel realignment of minerals

slate

highly foliated fine grained rock

Rock cycle

recycling of rocks from one rock type to another

Mineral

naturally occuring, inorganic, solid, specific chemical compound, crystalline(repeating atomic structure)

Mineral resource

any rock mineral or element that has some physical or chemical property found useful.

Two divisions of mineral resources

Metallic and Nonmetallic

Malleable

able to deform without breaking. Copper is malleable and used for wiring partially because of this property.

Mining districts

Diamond mines are found in these small geographic areas

Kimberlite pipes

filled with magnesium rick volcanic rocks that are different from surrounding rocks.

Layered Intrusions

Layered ore deposits typically contain metallic minerals that are valuable sources of chromium titanium and vanadium.

Hydrothermal Deposits

Associated with igneous intrusions which result from the chemical interaction of hot mineral rich fluids with the surrounding rock. Sulfur rich deposits in veins and dessiminated grains in a zone around intrusion.

Disseminated deposits

Low grade hydrothermal deposits where the ore minerals are widely dispersed in a zone surrounding an igneous intrusion, within intrusion also.

Massive sulfide deposit

Hot fluids discharge along crest of the ridge, dissolved metals react with cold ocean water to form sulfide minerals. Important sources of copper lead and zinc

Regional metamorphism

rocks become deeply buried or involved in a mountain building episode. Lots of heat and pressure.

Contact Metamorphism

Rising magma comes into contact with rocks, high temperatures not temperatures.

Hydraulic Sorting

Water in streams moves the minerals and deposits them in a sequential manner as velocity decreases.

Placer Deposit

Concentrated mineral deposit, Gold or platinum or diamonds. Found in stream terrraces or regular streams.

Bauxite

highly enriched aluminum minerals fom afte a long time with lots of rainfall weathered silicate produces this.

Soil

natural mixture of mineral and organic material that is capable of supporting plant life.

Ion exchange

dissolved ions attach themselves to soil particles, and are removed in a selective maner by plant and water moving. critical to plant growth and production

About this deck

By: Molly Kudym
Created: 2012-02-19
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 19

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj