Exam 2

History 102 with Cowley at Grand Valley State University

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By: Erica Jones
Created: 2011-03-19
Size: 46 flashcards
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Glorious Revolution

-1688

-A bloodless coup

-James fled the country, William & Mary claim the throne

-The Bill of Rights (1689)

Passed by Parliament
Reaffirmed trial by jury, habeus corpus, and the right to petition Parliament

-Act of Toleration (1689)

-Act of Succession(1701)

Charles II

r. 1660-1685

-Initially welcomed by most English men and women

-Declared limited toleration for Prot. Dissenters

-Admired all things French

-Tories: Charles's supporters

-Whigs-opponents

-Sympathetic to Roman Catholicism

-Suspended civil penalties against C&D

James II

Zealous Catholic convert
Alienated Tory supporters
June 1688:Ordered clergy to read his decree of religious toleration
Crisis of succession and the birth of potential heir
Whigs & Tories invite mary Stuart and husband, William of Orange, to invade Eng.--Preserve Prot.

William and Mary

-The Bill of Rights (1689)

Passed by Parliament
Reaffirmed trial by jury, habeus corpus, and the right to petition Parliament

-Act of Toleration (1689)

Granted Dissenters the right to worship freely, but couldn't hold political office

-Act of Succession(1701)

Absolutism

A political theory that encouraged rulers to claim complete sovereignty within their territories.

Sometimes defined by "divine right"

-Promised stability, prosperity, and order

Versailles

Louis XIV had daily rituals and demonstrations of royalty; Royal "choreography"; Nobles were required to live at Versailles for part of the year

-Raised their prestige

-Couis could keep an eye on them

Louis XIV

Squabbles among the nobility meant he must rule assertively
Royal power meant domestic tranquility
Conciliated the upper bourgeoisie by making them royal administrators
Taxation
1685: Louis revokes Edict of Nantes

Scientific Revolution

Seventeenth Century

Emergence of heliocentric view of the planetary system
New mathematical physics that described and confirmed sucha view
A mthod of inquiry for understanding the natural world that utilized obser., experie, and hypothesis
branch of knowledge

Copernicus

1473-1543

From Polana
The earth moved and was not the center of the planetary system
The earth rotated on its axis and orbited the sun-heliocentric theory
Notion of moving Earth challenges Christian doctrine

Johannes Kepler

1571-1630

Everything had been created according to mathematical laws

Math as the language of God

3 Laws of Planetary Motion

Planets travel in elliptical orbits
Speed of planets varied w/distance from the sun
Magnetic forces kept the planets in orbital motion

Galileo

1564-1642

Telescope

Built his own telescope in 1610
Observed the features of the moon, the moons of Jupiter, & sun spots
A challenge to heavenly perfection

Conflict w/the Church

A Dominican monk denounced his ideas as a dangerous deviation
1616-Heretical declared

Francis Bacon

1561-1626

The Inductive Method

Combining evidence from observations to draw general conclusions-built upon assumptions

Cooperation between researchers

Rene Descartes

1596-1650

The Discource on Method (1637)

Systematic doubt of everything

The deductive method

A "fresh start for knowledge"
Proceed logical from one certainty to another
Mathematical thought an expression of the highest standards of reason

Isaac Newton

1643-1727

The culmination of the Scientific Revolution

White light-different colored rays
Integral and differential calculus
Gravity and laws of gravitation

Principal Mathematica 1687
Law of universal gravitation-mathematical formulation

Heliocentric

The sun-centered view of the planetary system, which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe

Enlightenment

18th century phenomenon

Basic Characteristics

The power of human reason
Self-confidence
"Dare to know!" -Kant
Reason needed autonomy and freedom
Belief in human perfectability and progress
Locke's "Essay Concerning Human Understanding" 1690

tabula rasa

Term used by John Locke to describe man's mind before he acquired ideas as result of experience, Latin for "clean slate."

John Locke

Wrote "Essay Concerning Human Understanding" 1690

Education and environment
"tabula rasa"
Thre goodness and perfectibility of humanity
Moral improvement and social progress

Essay Concerning Human Understanding

Written by John Locke-1690

Education and environment
"tabula rasa"
Thre goodness and perfectibility of humanity
Moral improvement and social progress

Voltaire

Philosophe

Philosophical Letters (1734)

Religious and political liberties of the British
Admiration for English culture and politics and respect given to scientists
Balance to Brit. govt. checked arbitrary power
Religious toleration

Philosophical Letters

Religious and political liberties of the British
Admiration for English culture and politics and respect given to scientists
Balance to Brit. govt. checked arbitrary power
Religious toleration

Montesquieu

(1689-1755)

The Spirit of the Laws (1748)

How do structures and instituations shape laws?
Different forms of govt.-What spirit characterized them?

Republic-virtue
Monarchy-honor
Despotism-fear

Dangerous drift toward despotism in France
Admired the Brit. system of separate and balanced powers

The Spirit of the Laws (1748)

How do structures and instituations shape laws?
Different forms of govt.-What spirit characterized them?

Republic-virtue
Monarchy-honor
Despotism-fear

Dangerous drift toward despotism in France
Admired the Brit. system of separate and balanced powers

Diderot

The Encyclopedia

A vast compendium of human knowledge
Scientific analysis applied to human reason-happiness and progress

Encyclopedia

A vast compendium of human knowledge
Scientific analysis applied to human reason-happiness and progress

Beccaria

1738-1794

On Crimes and Punishments (1764)

General themes: reason and human dignity
Attacked the view that punishment represented society's vengeance on the criminal
Legitimate rationale for punishment was to maintain social order, prevent other crimes
Opposed torture and the death penalty

On Crimes and Punishments (1764)

General themes: reason and human dignity
Attacked the view that punishment represented society's vengeance on the criminal
Legitimate rationale for punishment was to maintain social order, prevent other crimes
Opposed torture and the death penalty

Rousseau

(1712-1778)

Attacked privilege and believed in the goodness of humanity
The first to speak of pop. sovereignty and democracy
The most utopian of the philosophes

The Social Contract

"Man was born free, and everywhere he is in chains"
The legitimacy of the government
Social inequality and private property
Legitimate authority arises from the people alone

Natl community would be limited by the general will

Citizens bound by mutual obligation rather than coercive laws
Common interests represented in the whole

Mary Wollstonecraft

(1759-1797)

Rousseau's sharpest critic
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)

Women had the same innate capacity for reason and self-govt.
Virtue the same thing for men and women
Relations b/w the sexes ought to be based on equality

A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)

Women had the same innate capacity for reason and self-govt.
Virtue the same thing for men and women
Relations b/w the sexes ought to be based on equality

French Revolution

Phases: Moderate/Radical/Reactionary

First: 1789-1791

Second: 1792-1794

Third: 1795- 1799

The three estates

1788: Estates General announcement

1789: Third Estate adopts title of Natl. Assembly, Tennis Court Oath, Storming of the Bastille

1. Clergy 2. Nobility 3. "Everyone else"-about 97% of population

Estates General

1788: Estates General announcement

Third Estate

97% of population.

Adopts the title of the Natl. Assembly
Took Tennis court Oath
Stormed the Bastille

Louis XVI

Inherited crown; Married to Marie Antoinette. Not prepared for job. Worst to have rule during crisis.

Marie Antoinette

Austrian; youngest daughter, marriage deal for alliance; "Madame Deficit"

National Assembly

Deputies; took Tennis Court Oath; Accepted act of violence

Bastille

Symbol of horror; Attacked Bastille; Prison

Tennis Court Oath

3rd estate wouldn't stop meeting until New Constitution; Also known under the Natl. Assembly. They were locked out of Estates General meeting, as well.

Marat

Newspaper creator; Angry; Killed by random lady because she wanted to end the violence

Bouckman

Voodoo Priest

-Started to plan revolt w/other slaves; Killed in battle; Burned his body and completely got rid of it

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Freed slave; Own business interests; educated, major leader of Revolution. Offered to give back captives and put back on plantations, but they denied it; Doesn't see end of revolution

Jean-Jacques Dessalines

Slave; led final parts to Rev.; Gained independence for Haiti

About this deck

By: Erica Jones
Created: 2011-03-19
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 22

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj