Exam 2

History 1002 with Zeps at Marquette University

About this deck

By: Carolyn Keller
Textbook:

Western Civilization: Volume II: Since 1500 (Western Civilization to 1500)
Created: 2011-03-21
Size: 75 flashcards
Views: 63

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C. Fourier

A utopian Socialist like R. Owen, but his schemes were at least reasonable; this Frenchman thought people could live together, do whaterever they liked and everything would be fine.

Poland

Set up as a kingdom in 1815 under the Russian czar, this country revolted in 1830 but the uprising was quelched; the composer Chopin gave a benefit concert tour to raise money for it.

Talleyrand

Though on the losing side, he was accepted as an equal at the Congress of Vienna and negotiated a good deal for France, which kept the continent from a general war for a century.

G.W. Hegel

He was a leading advocate for German nationalist, who emphasized the dominance of the German spirit

Vienna

One of many cities in Europe the revolted in 1848, in this one the students kicked out the Habsburg rulers and took over but were crushed when the army assaulted the city soon after

C. von Metternich

Chief diplomat of Europe betwwen 1815 and 1848, he tried above all to prevent revolutions stemming from nationalism and liberalism so he is seen as the most important conservative.

Poor Law

The British thought that people were naturally lazy and had to be "encouraged" to work, so the houses set up under this were deliberately intended to be uncomfortable and harsh places.

Karlsbad Decrees

Passed in 1819, these laws were initiated by the conservative Austrian government in an effort to stamp out the tide of nationalism that emerged with the Burschenschaften movement.

Nicholas I

Known as the Policeman of Europe, his rule was harsh and oppressive, but that was hardly new in Russia; organized the country on the principles of autocracy, orthodoxy, and nationality

Loius Philippe

The "bourgeois monarch" who did not dress in finery, this pear-shaped king came in on the heels of the revolution of 1830 against the ultraroyalist Charles X

Edmund Burke

Staunch British conservative, he predicted that the French Revolution would result in a military dictator in his work Reflections of the Revolution in France

Ireland

Always on the edge of revolt over religion and exploitation, this country was kept from revolt by Catholic emancipation in 1829 but suffered a great famine in the 1840's

Frankfurt

Location of a parliament called to unify German; the mostly bourgeois representatives here offered the throne to the king of Prussia who spruned it as "a crown from the gutter"

Greece

Revolted against the Ottoman Turks with the support of Britain and France whose principle of legitimacy did not extend to countries outside the usual balance of power

J.S. Mill

About the best exponent of the principles of political liberalism in his classic On Liberty, he also wrote On the Subjection of Women to show his liberalism extended beyond politics

T. Malthus

Economic liberal whose Essay on Population predicted disaster because people breed like rabbits while food supply increases only arithmaetically; so plagues ect. are a good thing

L. van Beethoven

Explored new depths of feeling in music starting with the Eroica symphony dedicated to the dashing Napoleon at first; he tore up the dedication when Napoleon started his conquests

Corn Law

Tariff designed by the landed gentry to keep the price of bread high in Britain; this, of course, made the life of factory workers harder and put the lie to notions of liberal economics

Reform Act of 1832

While the rest of Europe was awash in revolution, this Act corrected the problem of unequal representation of British counties and municipalities in Parliament which had been brought on by the Industrial Revolution

E. Delacroix

Romantic painter whose Liberty Leading the People is a good example of French political activism among Romantics there

C. D. Friedrich

To this Romantic German painter, nature was a reflection of divine life; relying on his inner spirit for inspiration, his works such as Man and Woman Gazing at the Moon conveyed a feeling of mystery and mysticism

David Ricardo

Building upon the ideas of the individual above, this economic liberal put forth the Iron Law of Wages, which states that when population increases the working wages will fall below subsistence levels

Lord Byron

English Romantic Poet along with Keats and Shelley, his romanticism even extended to going abroad and fighting in a nationalistic war for independence against the awful Turk

Louis XVIII

Following Napoleon's exile to Elba, he came to the throne as the restored Bourbon monarch; he would later rule France for a time as a consititutional monarch

Louis Napoleon (Naopleon III)

Became president of the Second Republic in France after the Revolutions of 1848 but soon transformed it into the Second Empire, to no one's surprise, really.

Wagner

Among the many nationalist composers of the time (Semetana, Dvorak, Moussorgsky, Verdi, Rimsky-Korsakov) this German writer of operas holds a unique place.

Bismarck

His goal was German unification and he got into three wars to achieve it, the last by conning the French into declaring war in 1870, which made them the aggressors so all Germans then joined.

Engels

Lifelong collaborator with Marx after they wrote the Communist Manifesto together in 1848

Reform Act of 1867

An important step in the democratization of Britain, Disraeli believed that by increasing the franchise in the measure, the Conservatives would benefit at the ballot box; but the Liberals won the next election

J. Maxwell

Along with Michael Faraday, he made tremendous contributions in the area of electricity and magnetism; he developed the mathematics to demonstrate that electricity and magnetism are aspects of a single phenomon; this led to Planck and Einstein's theories

Cavour

Chief Minister of Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia who joined the war against Russia in 1856 just to get a seat at the bargaining table; his goal was to publicize demands for unification

Haussmann

Baron who was commissioned by the Emperor to modernize and beautify Paris; he did so in such spectacular fashion that the city became a model of urban planning with boulevards and parks

Ems Dispatch

Doctored and revised by Bismarck to insult the French, this document provoked Louis Napoleon into declaring war against Germnay in 1870

Bakunin

Russian anarchist who helped found the First International but then could not cooperate because anarchists were basically opposed to political, that is government, solutions to workers issues.

Gladstone

Liberal Prime Minister in Great Britain who alternated with Disraeli to lead governments in the second half of the nineteenth century; a great reformer who advocated education for all

Comte

Father of positivism who wanted a scientific approach to all human questions; sociology was the result, embracing according to him economics, history, anthropology and social psychology

Darwin

Became intrigued with the beaks of finches in the Galapagos Islands from the Beagle and developed his hypothesis into a complete theory of natural selection even to include humans

Mendeleev

A Russian scientist, he classified all the material elements then known on the basis of their atomic weights; his organizational work aided scientists in finding unknown elements such as helium

Crimea

Fearing that expansionist efforts of Russia would upset the balance of power in Europe, Britain and France became engaged in a war in 1854 named for this peninsula where most of the fighting occured

Pasteur

Was curious, as any good Frenchman would be, about who grape juice became wine and made immense strides in microbiology when the sciences were finally getting equipment to experiment.

Napoleon III

He submitted all major changes in the French consititution to the people in various plebiscites; "plebiscitary democracy" became almost synonymous with the stuffed ballot box; his rule would be brought to an end by a disastrous war with Prussia

Dual Monarchy

A result of the Austro-Prussian War, this compromise (or Ausgleich) was designed to placate the Hungarian and Austrian nationals by granting autonomy over domestic affairs while maintaining a unified empire in the person Habsurg Emperor

Nightengale

Was appalled by the sanitary conditions of the army during the Crimean War and the insensitivity of the military and took steps to improve things; then pushed health at home.

Russia

This nation freed its serfs well before the U.S. freed its slaves, but as in the U.S. disabilites were hard to overcome; they exchanged one tyranny for another, the nobles for the mir, their viallge commune

Sadi Carnot

Applying Newtonian physics to the area of thermodynamics, he showed that heat was not a fluid, but that it operated according to physical laws; his endeavors led to practical applications and progress in the area of steam power and civil engineering

Zollverein

Economic unification of the North German states well before political unification made it the German Empire; served as a model for later movements whose goal was political integration

Garibaldi

Superpatriot who took a ragtag army of a thousand "Red Shirts" to Sicily and conquered the island for the king of Piedmont; then he moved up the peninsula without opposition

Socialism

Came in various guises depending on the leader; Owen pracitced it as patriarchal beneficence, Alexander Herzen used the peasants as his populist base and Marx used the urban workers

Germany

Divided seemingly forever by the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, its unification was put off the longest because of the potential threat to the hegemony of France and the stability of Europe

Marx

Former jounalist who became a philosopher, an economist, a historian, and a political activist; he authored Das Kapital and eventually formed the First International to serve the interests of the working class.

Utilitarianism

A philosophy created by Jeremy Bentham, it argued that society should pursue that which is good for the greatest number of people

Jean Jaures

French Socialist who was more inspired by France's revolutionary history than by Marxist revolutionary rhetoric

1873-1895

A business depression rather than an economic depressions, the 19th century Great Depressions took place during these years.

Fabians

Non-Marxist socialists based in Britain who argued that inequalities stemmed from the distribution of goods, not the ownership of the means of production

Revisionism

This doctrine of evolutionary socialism was developed by Edward Bernstein

Anarchism

A political philosophy based on extreme individualism, and that calls for the dismantling of the state and social institutions

Second International

Another congress of socialists, this one first met in 1889 and finally dissolved during World War I

Urbanization

The physical, economic, and demographic growth of cites is known also known as this

Fredrick Law Olmstead

Landscape architect whose projects included Central Park, the grounds of the 1893 World's Fair and Lake Park in Milwaukee

Claude Debussy

Composer associated with Impressionism, one of his most famous works in Clair de Lune

Third Repulic

The longest lasting of the post-Revolution governments in France, this one arose after the defeat of Louis Napoleon by the Prussian army

Boulanger

Popular general who almost pulled a coup d'etat in France, but fled and committed suicide instead

Ethiopia

This country, the first non-European nation to militarily defeat a morn European army, successfully resisted Italian imperialism in 1896

Francis Joseph

Emperor of Austria-Hungary during the late 19th century, he was one of the few unifying forces in the politically and ethnically divided kingdom

Cartel

A group of independent enterprises working together to control prices and production quotas in order to limit competition and maximize profit is also known as this.

Mass society

New social order that emerged in Europe during the Second Industrial Revolution. It featured improved urban conditions, new social structures and changing gender roles

Henrick Ibsen

Norwegian playwright and author of plays such as A Doll's Hous and Hedda Gabler, he criticized many social, legal, and moral conventions of the late 19th century

1870-1940

Years during which the Third Republic existed

Home Rule

Constitutional movement that demanded limited legal independence for Ireland.

Kulturkampf

Bismarck's "struggle for civilazation," this movement attacked the Catholic Church in Germany

Gottlieb Daimler

He invented the light engine, the dey to the development of the automobile

Prince Kropotkin

Russian anarchist who advocated a communist society built on voluntary associations of workers

August Bebel

Revolutionary socialist who led the German Social Democratic Party with Wilhelm Liebnecht and helped enact legilation to aid the working class

Garden City Movement

An apporach to urban planning that sought balance between industrial, residential, and agricultural development

Internal combustion engine

First produced in 1878, it is fired by a gas.air mixture

About this deck

By: Carolyn Keller
Textbook:

Western Civilization: Volume II: Since 1500 (Western Civilization to 1500)
Created: 2011-03-21
Size: 75 flashcards
Views: 63

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis