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- Biology 318m
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- Exam 3-3d (STD Viruses)
Exam 3-3d (STD Viruses)
Biology 318m with Hj at University of Texas - Austin
About this deck
By: Harrison He
Created: 2012-04-24
Size: 20 flashcards
Views: 35
Created: 2012-04-24
Size: 20 flashcards
Views: 35
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Herpes viruses
-structure?
-replication?
-types?
-how do you tell the difference
- Large complex enveloped viruses with dsDNA genome (encodes 50-80 proteins)
- Replication and assembly occurs in cell nucleus, budding thru nuclear and Golgi membranes produces envelope; then “exocytosed”
- prot made in cyto. with ribosomes
- Electron microscopy (EM), similar structure; there are differences in Ag and DNA composition; herpes simplex (HSV) types 1 and 2 share some protein Ag and DNA homology, but people can have infections with both viruses
Encounter and Entry of Herpes
-% w/ Ab?
-% w/ Ab?
66-75% of adults have Ab against HSV 1; 18-50% of adults have Ab to HSV 2 depends on population bc ppl that are sexually active/multiple partners have a higher risk
- 10 fold (order of magnitude) increase in HSV 2 infections from 1965- 1995
Herpes
-symptoms?
-susceptible to?
-in the environment?
- Many HSV infections are asymptomatic
- Virus is susceptible to drying, heat, detergents, and solvents (because of envelope) - hand sanitizer works well
- Don't survive well on environmental surfaces- need direct inoculation of virus from person to person
Herpes
-enters?
-colonization?
- HSV enters thru mucus membranes of mouth, eye, genitals, respiratory tract, anus/rectum;
- unbroken keratinized epidermis (skin) not readily colonized; abraded skin (damaged skin) - herpetic “whitlow”
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV),
- what diseases?
- transmitted by?
Herpes
EBV causes mononucleosis, transmitted by infected leucocytes (B cells for EBV) in transfused blood, saliva, and possibly, semen
- HHV 8 associated with ____________
- Kaposi Sarcoma
- Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
- causes what diseases?
- where does it go?
- recurrence?
causes two diseases: chickenpox (first exposure)/shingles (recurrence)- transmitted by virus containing aerosols or direct inoculation
goes into dorsal root ganglia
during recurrence, goes back to skin - head and neck area; can be caused by stress; vesicles around truck of body
- HSV 1 dormant in _____________
- HSV 2 in ___________
- HSV 1 dormant in trigeminal ganglion
- HSV 2 in sacral ganglion
HSV1/2
-recurrence?
-Ab role?
-whitlows?
-eye?
- they both can recur by descending from the ganglia to mucus membranes
- Ab does play a role in making recurrences milder
- Sometimes abraded skin can be infected- herpetic whitlows are painful lesions on finger tips from touching HSV lesions
- Inoculation of eye- herpetic keratoconjunctivitis, inflammation and swelling of cornea and conjunctiva; can lead to vision loss
Diagnosis/treatment HSV
-culture?
-look at?
-vaccine?
-drugs?
- Virus isolation in cell culture
- Looking for typical cytology (giant cells, or atypical lymphocytes); serology - look at Ab
- Varicella vaccine for chickenpox; Zoster vaccine for shingles
- Acyclovir, gangcyclovir and newer anti-herpetic drugs
- (work on replication of the virus)
Papillomaviruses
-family?
-infects?
-structure?
-culture?
-studies?
Papovavirus virus family
- Large group of viruses that infects humans, other primates, mice, cattle, birds, fish, etc.
- DNA virus; no envelope (hand sanitizer useless)
- Cannot culture them in tissue culture
- DNA is cloned and used in hybridization studies to determine what virus is seen
Human Papillomaviruses (HPV)
-species?
-encountered?
species specific (e.g. humans to humans only)
- Encountered by direct contact with lesions from infected individuals
HPV Symptoms
-where?
warts in various locations, of varying concern on skin and mucous membranes; very common
- Ano-genital warts an STD that is increasing in incidence faster than HSV
- Warts of the uterine cervix can be a great problem
- Some of the HPV types that cause cervical warts (HPV 16 and 18)can cause dysplasia (cells look abnormal) or even cervical carcinoma (evidence is that 80% of cervical carcinomas contain HPV DNA)
- Warts of pharynx/ larynx
- oral carcinoma
HPV
-cycles?
here can be both a “lytic” infection with much virus produced, and a persistent infection
HPV persistent infection which can lead to “___________”, the first step to _______________
persistent infection which can lead to “oncogenic host cell transformation”, the first step to tumorigenesis
HPV Transformation of cells (persistent infection)
- Cells are unable to carry out “lytic cycle” to produce more virus
- Then have an “abortive” growth cycle (no new virus made)
- This state persists, and the infected cell transforms into a precursor tumor cell
- HPV DNA is found in the transformed cell genome
- These transformed cells become “immortalized” (don’t die and keep replicating) and ready to develop into tumors
What protein needed for HPV transformation
-binding does what?
- Need “early” HPV proteins for transformation; one, E7, is an “oncoprotein” a transforming agent
- Binding of E7 to a protein that “normally” suppresses cell division results in loss of suppression, subsequent uncontrolled cell growth, and ultimate tumor formation
HPV
Treatment of warts
-cervical?
-laryngeal?
- Many skin warts regress spontaneously, or can be removed via liquid nitrogen (ablation)
- For cervical warts- colposcopic examination with use of 3% acetic acid to visualize for biopsy followed by liquid nitrogen for ablation
- Laryngeal warts may also be treated with liquid nitrogen for ablation
HPV
ACUS
CIN1-3
- atypical cells of uncertain significance (ACUS)
- CIN1 - cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (new growth, not necessarily cancer)
- 2,3....
- CIN 3 carcinoma in situ
Prevention - HPV
- Condoms may prevent some transmission, but are not absolute
- Safe monogamous sex
- Pregnant women with cervical warts can deliver by
C- section
- Gardasil - highly effective HPV vaccine that has HPV 16, 18, 6, 11
- recommended for young women/girls
About this deck
By: Harrison He
Created: 2012-04-24
Size: 20 flashcards
Views: 35
Created: 2012-04-24
Size: 20 flashcards
Views: 35
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj