Exam 3 Ch 13, 15, 16

Psychology Psychology 100 with Haudenschield at Ohio State University - All Campuses

About this deck

By: Steven Scherer
Textbook:

Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding Value Package (includes MyPsychLab CourseCompass with E-Book Student Access )
Created: 2011-06-02
Size: 39 flashcards
Views: 18

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Social Psychology

the study of how people influence others' behavior, beliefs, and attitudes

-helps us understand why many forms of social influence are so powerful

Need to Belong Theory

biologically based need for interpersonal connections

- even the threat of social isolation can promote unhealthy behavior and compromise IQ scores

- social exclusion activates the same brain areas as physical pain

Fundamental Attribution Error

tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences (personality, attitudes, intelligence) on other people's behavior

-results in underestimation of situational influences

Conformity

tendency of people to change their behavior because of group influence

Obedience

adherence to instructions from those of higher authority

Bystander Nonintervention

bystanders in emergencies typically want to intervene, but often find themselves frozen, seemingly unable to help

- across 3 classic experiments of bystander intervention, the % of people helping when in groups was < % of people helping when alone

Cognitive Dissonance

unpleasant mental experience of tension resulting from two conflicting thoughts or beliefs

Prejudice

drawing conclusions about a person, group of people, or situations prior to evaluating the evidence

Discrimination

negative behavior toward members of outgroups

Stereotype

positive or negative belief applied to most / all members of a group

- basically a bias or heuristic

Defining a Mental Disorder

- Subjective Distress

- Impairment

- Statistical Reality

- Societal Disapproval

- Biological Dysfunction

Deinstitutionalization

1960s-70s government policy that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals

- a lot of people that were asylums were sent home because a new drug, thorazine, was effective for schizophrenics

Thorazine

drug used to treat schizophrenia

- terrible side effects

Panic Disorder

repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with a change in behavior to avoid panic attacks

- nervous feelings escalate to fear/terror

- about 20-25% of college students report at least one panic attack within the past year

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability

- spend on average 60% of each day worrying, compared with 18% - general population

Phobia

intense fear of an object or situation that's greatly out of proportion to its actual threat

Specific Phobia

intense fear of objects, places, or situations

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

marked by and repeated by lengthy (>1 hour/day) immersion in obsession, compulsions, or both

- obsessive thinking, compulsive behavior

- difficult to treat because people constantly reinforce their own problems

Obsessions

persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, cause marked distress (e.g., contamination, aggression)

Compulsions

repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce or prevent stress

Major Depressive Episode

state in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities

Manic Episode

experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, and irresponsible behavior

Bipolar Disorder

condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode

- more than 1/2 time, major depressive episode precedes/follows a manic episode

- very heritable (perhaps around 85%)

- increased risk of suicide

Schizophrenia

disturbances in thinking, language, emotion, and relationships, often confused with DID

Psychotic Symptoms

serious distortions of reality

Delusions

strongly held, fixed beliefs that have no basis in reality

Hallucinations

sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of an external stimulus

- mostly auditory, but can also be gustatory, tactile, or visual

Diathesis-stress models

Mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability (diathesis), and stressors that trigger this vulnerability

Psychotherapy

a psychological intervention designed to help people resolve emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems and improve the quality of their lives

Who goes to therapy?

- Women are more likely than men

- Caucasian Americans are more likely than Asian Americans and Hispanic Americans

Who benefits most from therapy?

- Patients with some anxiety often do better (more motivated)

- Patients who are better adjusted to begin with

- Women and men do equally well in therapy

- Little relationship between race and benefits from therapy

Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy

Therapies that share an emphasis on the development of human potential and the belief that human nature is basically good

Humanistic

self-actuallization occurs naturally, unless roadblocks hamper it

Existential

struggle, pain, and self-discipline inevitably occur along the road to personal fulfillment

Behavioral Therapy

focuses on specific problem behaviors, and current variables that maintain problematic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Exposure Therapy

confronts patients with their fears, with the goal of reducing that fear

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

attempts to replace maladaptive or irrational cognitions with more adaptive, rational ones

- can be effectively combined with other types of therapy

- at least as effective as psychodynamic, person-centered, or drug therapies

Group Therapies

- about as effective as individual treatment for most problems

- can be done from any therapy perspective

- benefits - efficient, time-saving, less expensive, span all major schools of psychology, participants provide & receive support, etc

Pharmacotherapy

use of medications to treat psychological problems

- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed to treat depression

- drug companies claim these drugs fix a "chemical imbalance" , but they probably have no idea

About this deck

By: Steven Scherer
Textbook:

Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding Value Package (includes MyPsychLab CourseCompass with E-Book Student Access )
Created: 2011-06-02
Size: 39 flashcards
Views: 18

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj