Exam 3-Chapter 10 Personality

Psychology 100 with Muehlenkamp at University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire

About this deck

By: Cecilia Hanson
Textbook:

Psychology: A Journey (with Practice Exam and Visual Guide)
Created: 2010-11-29
Size: 67 flashcards
Views: 125

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Personality

Unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behavior

Psychodynamic Theory

Theory Stresses:

The influence of unconscious mental processes, “Freudian Slips”, Importance of sexual and aggressive instincts, Victorian Era(=sexually repressed), Enduring effects of early childhood experiences.

Freudian Slips

Aggressive/Sexual impulses coming out

3 Interacting Structures of Personality

Id, Ego, Superego

Pleasure Principle, we are born with it, where instincts of sex and aggression layàInstant gratification, no logic, no morals. “Just give me what I want.”

Ego

Reality Principle, Develops in the anal stage, Manager or Mediator, filter, finds ways to express Id impulses in a socially accepted way, compromises between impulses and societal demands. Ex.=Going to the bathroom.

Defense Mechanism

A strategy used by the ego to help meet the Id’s demands, or to find an acceptable outlet for the impulse

Sublimination

Take and unacceptable impulse and turn it into something that society appreciates and values. Ex.= an aggressive female becoming a police officer, artists drawing nude portraits, “peeping tom” becoming a photographer for playboy

Rationalization

Creating a justification or reason for why something is ok. Ex.=Breaking diet saying that you will make up for it tomorrow, buying a crappy car and saying that the stereo system is really good.

Projection

Place unacceptable impulses or behaviors that you have onto someone else. Ex.=Talking about others gossiping while doing it yourself, thinking someone is mad at you when they’re not

Superego

Conscience or moral part of your thought processes, tells you whether your behaviors are tight or wrong and passes judgments on the things that you do, helps induce feelings of guilt and shame, believed to develop in the phallic stage and emerges out of the Oedipal (Male) or Electra (Female) complex

Unconscious

null

Preconscious

can be easily pulled into the conscious

Conscious

null

Resolve Stage

Learn to merge Id with society

Fixation

don’t fully resolve stage and a portion of energy is stuck there. Personality is made different by the stage that you are stuck in

Oedipal (Male) Complex

want to receive sole attention from mother.

Electra (Female) Complex

want to receive sole attention from father (Explanation for getting married to someone like your father

Critisims of Freud's Theory

-Sexist

-Can make anything fit with his theory

-“Blame the Victim”

-Theory lacks testability

-Easier to explain past behavior than it is to predict future behavior

Karen Horney

Supporter of the psychodynamic theory. Believed Parent-Child relatiobship is critical

Basic Anxiety

Feeling of isolation and helplessness. (Look to our parents to help us feel safe and secure)

3 Types of Basic Anxiety

Move towards others

Move against others

Move away from others

Move towards Others

excessive need for approval and affection

Move Against Others

Need for power, competition, being critical, and needing to feel superior to others

Move Away From Others

Excessive need for independence, self-sufficiency, and seem detached from others, anti-social

Healthy Personality=

a flexible balance of these patterns and needs as situation demands

Humanistic Theory

Carl Rogers

Actualizing Tendency

idea that everyone is motivated by person growth

Self-Concept

a person’s subjective perception of oneself and abilities, need to understand this to understand someone’s personality

-Structure of personality

4 Aspects of the Development of Personality

-Sense of self

-Positive Regard

-Unconditional positive Regard

-Conditions of Worth

Sense of Self

(18 months)

Beliefs about our abilities

Positive Regard

Sense of being valued and loved as a person

Unconditional Positive Regard

No strings attached valuing of a person

Conditions of Worth

Sense that you are values/loved only when you behave in a way acceptable to others

Incongruence

Interpret value based on approval of others, change who you are for others

Self-Esteem

Valuing of yourself and your skills

-Healthy self-esteem achieved when self-concept is congruent with experiences

-Strong push to enhance self-esteem today

Social Learning Theory

Explains personality by using learning principles, cognition, and social relationships

3 Aspects oof Social Reinforcement

-Praise

-Attention

-Approval from others

Personality is a product of...

Social environment

Identification

A child’s emotional attachment to admired adults, especially those who provide love and care

Imitation

An attempt to match one’s own behavior to another person’s behavior

-Learn what is acceptable in a society

-Gender stereotypes

Dr. Bem

Studied how gender stereotypes influence personality

Masculine Traits Are:

Aggressive, Competitive, and Dominant

Feminine Traits Are:

Cheerful, Childlike, Compassionate, and Shy

Androgynous

Possessing male and female characteristics

Androgynous People Are:

-More able to adapt to difficult situations

-Better at coping with difficult situations

-They are able to be instrumental and emotionally express themselves

Trait Theory

-Focus on identifying, describing, measuring individual experiences

-People are unique combinations of personality characteristics or attributes (Traits)

Source Traits

Universal traits that can be found in people across many cultures

-Source traits produce surface traits

Surface Traits

Observable traits

Hans Eysenk: 3 Dimension

-Intoversion & Extroversion

-Neuroticism & Emotional Stability

-Psychooticism

Costa & McCrae: Big Five

-5 universal source traits

Neuroticism

Exroversion

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

Openness to Experience

Neuroticism

Proneness to becoming upset

Extroversion

Outgoingness, Need for stimulation

Agreeableness

High in agreeableness=easy going, cheerful

Conscientiousness

How self-disciplined you are

Openness to Experience

Level of curiosity, flexibility in thinking

Character

Personal characteristics that have been judged or evaluated; a person's desireable or undesireable qualities

Temperament

The heredity aspects of personality, including sensitivity, activity levels, prevailing mood, irritability, and adaptibility

Personality Type

A style of personality defined by a group of erlated traits

Introvert

A person whose attention s focused inward;; a shy, reserved, self-centered person

Extrovert

A pperson whose attention is directed outward; a bold, outgoing person

Common Traits

Personality traits that are shared by most members oof a particular culture

Individual Traits

Personality traits that define a person's unique individual qualities

Cardinal Trait

A personality trait so basic that all oof a person's activities relate to it

Central Traits

The core traits that characterize an individual personality

Secondary Traits

Traits that are inconsistent or relatively superficial

5 Stages to Personality Development

The Oral Stage

The Anal Stage

The Phallic Stage

Latency

The Genital Stage

About this deck

By: Cecilia Hanson
Textbook:

Psychology: A Journey (with Practice Exam and Visual Guide)
Created: 2010-11-29
Size: 67 flashcards
Views: 125

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy