Exam #3 Chapter - 11

Arts And Sciences 1 with Junghans at Oklahoma State University - Stillwater

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By: Edward Thompson
Created: 2010-11-06
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Germinal Stage

The two week period of prenatal development that begins at conception.

Embryonic Stage

The period of prenatal development that lasts from the second week until about the eighth week.

Fetal Stage

The period of prenatal development that lasts from the ninth week until birth.

Zygote

A single cell that contains chromosomes from both a sperm and an egg.

Each human sperm cell and each human egg cell contain 23 chromosomes
Zygote + Y-sperm = Male
Zygote + X-sperm = Female

Embryo

Has a beating heart, legs, and arms.

Embryo's with X and Y chromosome begin to produce a hormone called testosterone, which masculinizes their reproductive organs.

Teratogens

Agents that damage the process of development, such as drugs and viruses.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A developmental disorder that stems from heavy alcohol use by the mother during pregnancy.

Increases risk of birth defects, especially with respect to shape and size of the head and brain structure.

Infancy

Birth to 18-24 months

Motor development

The emergence of the ability to execute physical action.
E.g. : reaching, grasping, crawling, walking.

Reflexes

Specific patterns of motor response that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation.

Sensorimotor

Infant experiences world through movement and senses, develops schemas, begins to act intentionally, and shows evidence of understanding object permanence.

Birth - 2 years

Assimilation

When infants apply their schemas in novel situations.

Accomodation

When infants revise their schemas in light of new information.

Object permanence

The idea that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible.

Preoperational

Child acquires motor skills but does not understand conservation of physical properties. Child begins this stage by thinking egocentrically but ends with a basic understanding of others minds.

2-6 years old

Concrete operational

Child can think logically about physical objects and events and understands conservation of physical properties.

6 - 11 years old

Conservation

The notion that the quantitative properties of an object are invariant despite changes in the objects appearance.

Theory of Mind

Idea that human behavior is guided by mental representation, which gives rise to the realization that the world is not always the way it looks and that different people see it differently.

Formal operational

Child can think logically about abstract propositions and hypotheticals.

Egocentrism

The failure to understand that the world appears differently to others.

Vygotsky

Zone of proximal development: wide, but bounded range of skills a child could obtain.
Joint Attention: Baby looks where parent looks.
Social referencing : Infants look at adults to gauge their reactions.

Strange Situation

A behavioral test developed by Mary Ainesworth that is used to determine a child's attachment style.

The Four attachment Styles

Secure: Infants are distressed when caretaker leaves. 60%
Avoidant: Generally not distressed when caretaker leaves. 20%
Ambivelent: Always distressed. 15%
Disorganized: No consistent pattern. 5%

Preconventional stage

A stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by its consequences for the actor.

Conventional

A stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules.

Postconventional Stage

A stage of moral development at which the morality of an action is determined by a set of general principles that reflect core values.

Adolescence

Period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity.

Starts at about 11-14 years old and ends about 18-21 years old.

Primary Sex Characteristics

Bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Bodily structures that change dramatically with sexual maturity but that are not directly involved in reproduction.

Teen pregnancy

Due to women reaching puberty faster and being excluded from "adult" society. Longer educational periods contribute to this as well.

Prefrontal Cortex

Area of the brain that decline with age.

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for controlled processing.

Difficulty doing cognitive tasks that require effort, initiative, or strategy.

About this deck

By: Edward Thompson
Created: 2010-11-06
Size: 31 flashcards
Views: 82

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis