Exam 3

Sociology 100 with Chen at University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

About this deck

By: Emily Walsh
Textbook:

Calculus: Single Variable
Physics

Physics
Secularism and Its Critics (Oxford in India Readings: Themes in Politics)

The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason
Created: 2010-04-19
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 50

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis

Sign up (free) to study this.

Sex

A person’s biological makeup

Gender

Set of beliefs, feelings, and behaviors associated with being male or female

Essentialism

The idea that gender is rooted in natural or biological differences between men and women

Social Constructionism

Sociologists argue that gender is learned

Second Shift

The shift after the normal work day in which men and women must care for their children and take care of their home

Stalled Revolution

Hochschild notes that the “feminist revolution” has opened up many new opportunities for women

Gender Strategy

Hochschild found the interplay of the husband’s gender strategy and the wife’s gender strategy is what determined the apportionment of the second shift

Gender Ideology

A person’s beliefs about what is appropriate for men and women

Gender Identity

The gender a person defines him or herself as

Egalitarian Ideology

The belief that men and women should have equal roles in both the home and in the workforce

Traditional Ideology

The belief that men and women should behave according to their traditional roles (i.e., women stay at home and care for the children while the men work).

Transitional Ideology

The majority of Hochschild's couples belong to her third set, the “transitionals.” For them, the second shift is a contested zone.

Supermoming

The mom that can “do it all”

Disaffiliation

Many men disaffiliated themselves from household chores as a gender strategy for the second shift

Needs Reduction

Gender strategy that many men used in which they reduced their needs around the home to take the load off of their wives’ workload in order to avoid equally distributing the second shift

Substitute Offerings

Some men made substitute offerings as a gender strategy in the second shift

Sex Segregation

The tendency for men and women to work in jobs held primarily by people of their own sex

Dissimilarity Index

Common measure of sex segregation, which measures the extent to which the sex composition of individual occupations matches the sex composition of the workforce as a whole

Motherhood Penalty

Belief that mothers suffer a penalty in the labor market

Status Characteristics

Motherhood is a “status characteristic”

Double-standard

Persons of high status are expected to perform more competently and are often seen as performing more competently, even when they don’t actually perform competently!

Laboratory Experiment

Correll asks 188 college students to evaluate job applicants

Field Experiment

For a period of 18 months, Correll and her research assistants responded to Sunday job ads with a pair of fictitious resumes and cover letters of equal strength

FHA

Federal Housing Administration provided widespread mortgage guarantees to allow for widespread homeownership

Detroit Riot (1967)

Race riot that occurred in Detroit in 1967 that many sociologist believe started the downturn of the city from urban hey day to urban crisis

Defended Neighborhoods

Sections of Detroit that most heavily resisted integration of the city

New Urban Poverty

Poverty due to unemployment and low labor force participation

Ghetto

Today’s ghettos are different than yesterday’s ghettos; there aren’t any jobs any more; people there aren’t working

Structural Transformation

Jobless ghetto is closely tied to largely structural changes in the American economy that have diminished the economic prospects of low-skilled workers

Deindustrialization

Shift of manufacturing from Rust Belt (Midwest) to Sunbelt (West coast) and shift of jobs from center-city to suburbs

Skill-biased change

The result of deindustrialization and the structural transformation of the US labor market

Middle-class Flight

Wilson argues the economic changes have a major impact on the emergence of the modern ghetto

Suburbanization of Emp.

The movement of jobs and industries from the city-center to the suburbs surrounding the city.

Spatial Mismatch

Result of suburbanization of employment

Skills Mismatch

The change from factory jobs to service jobs negatively affected the lower-class people in the city because they do not have the proper qualifications, such as a college degree, needed to work

Social Disorganization

Ghettos today experience high levels of social disorganization

Social Isolation

The ghetto poor of today are socially isolated because they are socially disorganized

Apartheid

Name given in South Africa to the segregation of the inhabitants of European-descent from the non-Europeans

Immigrant Ghettos

“New” immigrant ghettos (e.g., Polish, Jewish, Italian, and Czech immigrants) were also confined to ghettos.

Neighborhood I.A.

Groups established by white people living in certain areas of a city that strongly opposed integration by blacks.

Restrictive Covenants

Another restrictive covenant used by whites to preserve the homogeneity of their neighborhoods

Index of Dissimilarity

This index ranges from 0 to 100, and it indicates the percentage of African Americans who would have to more in order to achieve a racial composition in each neighborhood that matches the racial composition of the overall metropolitan area

Index of Isolation

This index ranges between 0 and 100, and it indicates the percentage of African Americans living in the neighborhood of the average African American

Index of Clustering

This index ranges between 0 and 100, and it measures the degree to which black neighborhoods are lumped together in one large agglomeration, rather than being widely scattered

Index of Centralization

This index varies from -100 to 100, and it measures the degree to which blacks live close to the central business district of a metropolitan area

Index of Concentration

This index varies from -100 to 100, and it measures the relative amount of physical space occupied by a minority group