Exam #3
Music: History 121 with Garrett at University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
About this deck
By: Breanna Luckett
Textbook:
Listen includes Textbook, DVD & 3- CD Set (6th Edition)
Created: 2010-03-22
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 70
Textbook:
Listen includes Textbook, DVD & 3- CD Set (6th Edition)Created: 2010-03-22
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 70
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Leid/Lieder
- German song for solo voice and piano
- miniature genre that flourished in early 19th century
- lyrics often based on German Romantic poetry
Example of Lieder
- Franz Schubert,"Erlkonig"
- Robert Schumann, "Im wunderschonen Monat Mai"
- Clara Schumann, "Der Mond kommt still gegangen"
Example of Strophic form?
- Robert Schumann, "Im wunderschonen Monat Mai"
"Im wunderschonen Monat Mai"
- In the wonderfully lovely month of May
Robert Schumann
- The "Romantic" Life
- troubled artist
- famous love story
- writes around 125 Lieder
Clara (Wieck) Schumann
- Pianist
- Composer
- mainly smaller scale works
- Marries at 21, raises 7 children
- "Queen of the Piano"
- returns to concert stage in second half of her life
Clara Schumann song
- Der Mond kommt still gegangen
- The moon has risen softly
Franz Schubert
- Viennese Prodigy
- composes 700 Lieder
- "My art is the product of my talent and my misery"
Franz Schubert wrote
- Erlkonig
Describe Erlkonig
- German legend
- text by Johann von Wilhelm Goethe
- 4 Characters (sung by 1performer)
- Narrator
- Child
- Father
- Erlkonig
- Galloping triplets
- Repeated, obsessive motive
Through-Composed
- Music changes in each stanza (from start to end)
How are the characters in Erlkonig distinguished?
- Narrator
- middle range, minor mode
- Father
- Low range, reassuring
- Child
- Higher and more agitated each entrance
- Erlkonig
- Sweet and alluring, then insistent
19th century Piano Music
- Robert Schumann, Carnaval
- Eusebius
- Florestan
- Frederic Chopin, Nocturne in F-sharp, Op.15 No.2
- Robert Schumann's Carnaval
- miniature
- short, lyrical piano piece
- Character piece
- portrays a mood or character
- Expressive, demonstrative
- Meant to represent different sides of Shumann's personality
Eusebius from Carnaval
- Form
- aa ba b'a' ba
- slow, calm, deliberate, cyclical
- rubato ("robbed time")
Florestan from Carnaval
- impetuous,explosive
- abrupt changes in texture, tempo
Frederic Chopin
- National hero of Poland
- lived and worked in Paris
- Virtually all compositions for piano
- Life of the Romantic artist
What piece did Chopin compose?
- Nocturne in F-Sharp, Op.15 No.2
- Nocturne
- "night piece"
- ultra-expressive
- Form: A A' B C A'' Coda
- ornamentation
- virtuosity
- suspension
- chromaticism
Suspension
- held dissonance, waiting for consonance
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky wrote
- Romeo and Juliet
Program Symphony
- A genre of music where the piece follows a story
Program music
- instrumental music with a program supplied by the composer
Program
- based on some external source
Describe Tchaikovsky
- From St.Petersburg/Moscow
- shifts from government career to conservatory at age 23
- Pride of Russia and gains great popularity in West
- Draws on wide variety of influences
Symphonic poem/tone poem
- single movement
- longer, free form
- programmatic work based on poem, story, literary model
- Tchaikovsky called this piece an "Overture-Fantasy"
Describe the form of Romeo and Juliet
- Slow intro
- Hymn Theme
- Main section
- vendetta theme
- love theme
- Development
- Recapitulation (free, not exact)
- Love them interrupted by vendetta theme
- Coda
- Love theme broken
- love them transformed
Johannes Brahms
- German Composer
- relocates to Vienna
- Encouraged by Schumanns
- More traditional figure
- interest in Classical forms,techniques, genres
Johannes Brahms wrote...
- Violin concerto in D, op.77, 3rd mvmt
Joseph Joachim
- virtuoso violinist and friend of Brahms
- Played in Violin Concerto in D, op.77, 3rd mvmt
Violin Concerto in D, op.77 3rd mvmt
- Rondo form (slightly modified)
- allegro giocoso
- quick tempo, jolly
- Evokes "Gypsy" style
- double stops
- Violinist plays 2-3 strings at a time
Violin Concerto in D - Form
- A
- a solo violin
- a orchestra
- b solo violin
- a' orchestra (compressed version)
- B - episode 1
- A' - Solo, orchestra
- C - episode 2
- B
- A'' - with short cadenza
- Coda - with another cadenza
Other virtuoso performers
- Paganini
- Jenny Lind
- Franz Liszt
Giuseppe Verdi wrote what piece
- Aida, Tomb Scene, Act IV, scene ii
Aida, Tomb Scene, Act Iv, scene ii
- opera
- bel canto
- Viva Verdi
- Vittorio Emaneuele,Re d'Italia
- Musical exoticism
Verdi's Operatic Innovations - Aria and Recitative
- recitatives became more like ariosos
- created hybrid forms that responded more directly to the drama
- Verdi's Operatic Innovations - Orchestra
- extended harmonies and instrumental combination's for dramatic purposes
Verdi's Operatic Innovations - Spectacle
- Huge cast of extras
- elaborate scenery and costumes
Exoticism in Aida
- Music
- Exotic sounds by flute, Oboe, Bassoon, and various percussion instruments
- construction of exotic melodies (distinctive scales, melodies)
- Drama
- Exotic ("Moorish") ballet in Act III
Characters in Aida
- Radames
- Egyptian general, in love with Aida
- Aida
- Ethiopian slave girl
- Daughter of King of Ethiopia
- Amneris
- Egyptian princess, in love with Radames
Richard Wagner wrote
- The Valkyrie
Richard Wagner
- German composer, conductor
- radically overhauls opera(music dramas)
- Music of the Future
- wrote librettos
- designed staging himself
Gesamtkunstwerk
- Gesamt: unified
- kunst: art
- werk: work
Richard Wagner was a _____ figure
- Controversial
Wagner was a _____ nationalist, and wrote _____
- Controversial
- anti-Semitic
Wagner's Approach
- Orchestra assumes vital role
- stage events and music work more closely in tandem
Endless melody
- Wagner's approach
- long, unbroken musical statement
- not sectioned into clear arias and recitative
- through-composed
Leitmotif
- Wagner's approach
- leading motive or guiding motive
- recurring theme to represent a nouns
- often changes according to the dramatic situation
Wagner-The Ring of the Nibelung
- Music drama in four parts
- Nibelungenlied, German epic poem
- Elaborate mythology tells a simple modern tale
- more decline of the world brought about by greed, lust for power
- critique of middle-class capitalist values
Valkyrie
- Daughters of the god Wotan
- Warrior goddesses
Wagner's- The Valkyrie
- Second opera in The Ring of the Nibelung
- Siegmund
- Sieglinde
"Madama Butterfly" Giacomo Puccini
- Italian composer
- tragic opera
- takes place in Japan, love story between ex-geisha and U.S sailor
- some musical quotations of Japanese-style music to set the scene
- Very popular in Europe, the US, and Japan
Japan's limited communication with the world-Tokugawa Era
- Feudal government unified by one samuai, Tokugawa Ieyasu
- Felt his poer was threatened by the presence of Christianity
- Outlawed Christianity and closed Japan to most foreign contact
- Not again opened for over 250 years
Modernization and Westernization
- From 1868, Japan began introducing technology and scientific advancement from the West
- Adopted non-technological Western cultural practices in order to appear "civilized" to Western colonizing societies
Important characteristics of indigenous Japanese classical music
- timber
- subtle variations of pitch
- heterophonic texture
- deep, calm, and meditative quality
Absent Characterics
- harmony
- dynamic range
- meter
- dramatic musical affect
Gagaku-Japanese court music
- Established in the 18th century
- ritual music of the imperial court
- heavily influenced by Buddhism
- Chinese characters for gagaku mean "Elegant music"
- wind, plucked stringed,and percussion instruments
Example instruments
- hichiriki (flute)
- ryuteki (flute)
- sho
- kakko (drum)
- tsuridaiko (gong)
- biwa (guitar)
- gakuso (harp)
"Etenraku"
- most famous piece for gagaku orchestra
- "music of divinity"
- single, composed melody
- very slow but gradually accelerating tempo
- attention to timber, pitch scoops, flexible sense of meter
Henry Cowell
- American composer
- modernism, experimentalism, avant garde
- well-traveled and interested in music from around the world
Henry Cowell (cont)
- mixes characteristic of Japanese gagku and gestures from Western orchestral tradition
- Western orchestra mimics Japanese orchestra
- single melody passed between instruments
- faster tempo, more regular sense of meter, more steady pitch
Important characteristics of Western classical music
- Western tonality
- harmony
- dynamic range
- strong sense of meter
- homophonic or polyphonic texture
- form
- dramatic or striking musical affect
- concert culture
Toru Takemitsu wrote
- November Steps
Toru Takemitsu
- First composer from Asia to gain wide audience in the West
- aims to "avoid being Japanese"
- influenced by American modernist and avant-garde
- encouraged by American avant-garde composer John Cage to work with indigenous Japanese music
November Steps
- Eleven sections
- Commissioned for 125th anniversary of NY Philharmonic
- biwa, shakuhachi (flute), and Western orchestra
- emphasize different between Japanese and Western
- long cadenza for biwa and shakuhachi
- complexity of a single sound
About this deck
By: Breanna Luckett
Textbook: Listen includes Textbook, DVD & 3- CD Set (6th Edition)
Created: 2010-03-22
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 70
Textbook:
Listen includes Textbook, DVD & 3- CD Set (6th Edition)Created: 2010-03-22
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 70
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj