Exam #3

Psychology 1001 with Briggs at University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

About this deck

By: Tony Bui
Created: 2009-04-17
Size: 60 flashcards
Views: 227

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy

Sign up (free) to study this.

Describe how visual information from the left and right visual field is processed in the brain.

Speech-control center located on the left side of the brain. Image in the left visual field is sent to the right side of the brain.

Corpus Callosum

The structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

Split Brain Phenomenon

When pictures flashed in the right visual field (entering left hemisphere of the brain), patient could name object, but not when flashed in the left visual field.

Why is conscious thought evidenced to be a function of overt speech centers in the brain?

Normal
0

false
false
false

EN-US
X-NONE
X-NONE

MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:1492522767;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:1360568468 984073 1639433 1770505 984073 1639433 1770505 984073 1639433 1770505;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-tab-stop:.5in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0in;}
-Ex� eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Because actions made without conscious awareness may later be given a conscious explanation by the actor.

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

Feelings of autonomic arousal cause emotions.

"I feel afraid because I tremble."

Commonsense Theory of Emotion

Conscious feelings of fear cause autonomic arousal.

"I tremble because I feel afraid."

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

Thalamus sends signals simultaneously to the cortex (where we feel emotions of fear) and to the autonomic nervous system.

"The dog makes me tremble AND feel afraid."

Schachter's Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

People infer emotion from autonomic arousal and then label it in accordance with their cognitive explanation for the arousal.

"I label my trembling as fear because I appraise the situation as dangerous."

Regarding meditation, what area in the brain is associated with focused activity and control?

Frontal Lobe (executive control).

Regarding meditation, what area in the brain is associated with a sense of time & place?

Parietal Lobe.

Psychoactive Drugs

Chemical substances that modify mental, physical, emotional, or behavioral functioning.

Narcotics - Pain relief
Sedatives - "Downers"
Stimulants - Increased activation in CNS
Hallucinogens - Distorted perceptions/sensations
MDMA - Ecstasy

Jonathan Heidt's Rider on the Elephant Metaphor

Elephant is seen as the huge, powerful unconscious. Rider is seen as consciousness, one partial control over the elephant.

Psychological Construct

A larger hypothesis comprised of simpler ideas (in psychology).

Validity

The ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure.

Reliability

The measurement consistency of a test.

Parsimony

Adoption of the simplest assumption in the formulation of a theory/idea.

Motivation

Goal-directed behavior.

Biological Motives

Motives that originate from bodily needs.

Social Motives

Motives originating in social experiences.

Achievement Motive

The need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards of excellence.

Affiliation Motive

Need for relationships with others.

Dominance Motive

Need to have power and wield more influence than others.

Gender Differences in Sexual Activity

Males think about sex and initiate sex more often than females.
Males are more willing to engage in casual sex and have more partners than females.

Gender Differences in Mate Preferences

Males place more emphasis on youthfulness and attractiveness.
Females place more emphasis on intelligence and financial prospects.

Parental Investment Theory

The sex that makes the smaller investment in offspring will compete for mating opportunities with the sex that makes the larger investment, which will be more discriminating in selecting partners.

Characteristics of people who score high in the need for achievement:

Tend to work harder.
Tend to be more persistent.
Tend to delay gratification more often than others.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A projective test that requires subjects to respond to vague, ambiguous stimuli in ways that may reveal personal motives and traits.

Paul Ekman's 6 Basic Emotions

Happiness
Sadness
Anger
Fear
Disgust
Surprise

How is emotion measured?

Verbal reports
Overt behavior
Relevant psychological activity

What evidence suggests emotions are innate?

Studies using the fear-potentiated startle.

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Inputs to subcortical centers automatically evoke facial expressions associated w/ certain emotions, and the facial muscles then feed signals to the cortex that help it recognize the emotion that one is experiencing.

Philosophic View of Emotion

A human centered-view. Tends to promote a distinction between cognition and emotion.

Behavioral/Biological Science View of Emotion

Emphasizes the functional, evolutionary significance of emotions and motivated behaviors.

"Discrete" Emotions as per Ekman

Distinct categories of emotions.

3 Primary Motive Systems in the Brain (Cuthbert)

Appetitive: Eating, drinking, reproducing.
Defensive: Escape, avoidance, defensive aggression.
Impulse control system that regulates the first two.

"Bus Effect" (Cuthbert)

Originated from movie "Cat People," refers to startle caused by a slow build up and sudden release.

Externalizing Behavior

"Acting out." Aggression, delinquency, hyperactivity.

Translational Research (Cuthbert)

Emphasis on the importance of studying basic emotional processes in order to help us understand a wider range of emotional disorders such as anxiety, substance abuse, depression, etc...

Personality

Distinctive, characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior that uniquely define an individual.

According to Freud, the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle.

Ego

According to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle.

Superego

According to Freud, the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong.

Pleasure Principle

According to Freud, the principle upon which the id operates, demanding immediate gratification of its urges.

Reality Principle

According to Freud, the principle upon which the ego operates, which seeks to delay gratification of the id's urges until appropriate outlets/situations can be found.

Defense Mechanisms

Repression - Keeping things inside.
Projection - Attributing one's own thoughts/feelings to another.
Displacement - Taking anger out on substitute target.
Reaction Formation - Behaving opposite to one's feelings.
Regression - Reversion to immature patterns of behavior.
Rationalization - Creating false, but plausible excuses.
Identification - Forming real or fake alliances to bolster self-esteem.

Lexical Hypothesis

States that all meaningful individual differences have been encoded into language.

The "Big 5" Basic Personality Traits

Openness to Experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Explain how defense mechanisms work:

These are largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt.

Attachment Theory

Humans have a strong need to form and maintain stable relationships.
The same feelings that keep parents emotionally attached to their children may also keep romantic partners bonded.

Primary Functions of Attachment:

Proximity mainenance
Safe haven
Secure base - comfort that allows individuals to venture

Attachment Styles:

Secure
Anxious/ambivalent (fear abandonment)
Avoidant (detached)

Patterns of care that lead to each attachment style:

Responsive care -> Secure
Rejecting care -> Avoidant
Inconsistent/unpredictable care -> Anxious/Ambivalent

Development (Collins)

Physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout the lifespan.

Difference between longitudinal and cross-sectional studies:

Longitudinal: One group studied over a long period of time.
Cross-Sectional: Different groups w/ different ages compared at one time.

Teratogens

Chemicals and viruses than can reach the embryo or fetus and cause harm.

Visual Cliff

Psychological apparatus used for studying depth perception.

After 41 days, infants can perceive depth.

Brain Plasticity

Brain circuitry is "filled in" after birth. More stimulating environments equate to better functioning brain tissue.

Stages of Language Development (Collins)

Babbling
One-Word Stage
Two-Word Stage
Near Adult Competence

Nomothetic vs. Ideographic Conceptualizations of Personality

Nomothetic - Comparison in relation to others. Limited subset of traits.
Ideographic - Cannot compare across ppl, focus on individual.

About this deck

By: Tony Bui
Created: 2009-04-17
Size: 60 flashcards
Views: 227

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy