exam 3

often called grubs
distinct, hard schlerotized head capsule
often under ground
have strong jaws used for chewing
legs present on the throax-6 lexs
are c shape

migrate in the south and then end up in the high country

lady bug
exception
pest on beans one nad speices on co

aka circus
develop on decay plant maatter
adult unble to fly wings vcovers fused
very resistant to desiccation-drying out
comon names comes fro habit of standing on their heads

direct lay eggs in dung
tunnel allows to keep food source
are macrodecomposer
dung rolling(tumblebugs)-to rear their young

regeneration image
larvae emerge from dung and mud
reserrection/reincarnation
scarabs entombed w dead
scarab images in royal seals

most develop as predators
bombardier beetle-has reactor glands and inner glands

feed on flowers and secrete liquid that causes blister

larvae eat grasshopper egg pods and ground nesting bee larvae

creates blisters when touch

ability to produce blister highly regarded
hippocrates-stoke(propsy)
frederick the grea-rabies
aphrodisiac use best known-spanish flu

powerful poison-0.5 mili
can kill humans; cause severe kidney damage
exuded from leg joints-reflex bleeding

most important potato insect pest in the world
natitive to western US, mexico
not impotant CO even if it has our name in it
currently wdely established throughout NA euorpe-more of a pest in the midwest

parisgreen/copperactoarsentite
first agricultural insecticide 

aka snout beetles
chewing moth parts located on tip of enlogated snout
larvae dev within plants- one reason why they are a pest
most diverse family of plants or animals-50,000+ species

destroy the  boil  which destroys the cotton for commercial use
destroys money- 15 million worth of cotton

in enterprise, Al did the same thing to them and mad them work other fields instead of cotton

larvae dev under bark, girdling wounds
often associated w fugi

female drill hole in bark and lay her eggs in the bark- larve pitch out the bark

female tend to choose unhealty tree and produce a aggreation pheromonethat cause many pine beetles to lay their eggs on the smae tree

blocks the "pipes" that carries the beetles

spread dutch elm disease to trees
is bad for treesbcuz the trees roots are touching and can easily transmit disease

check to see if it has fungus  by seeing if it has brown streaking
if it does it has to be cut down

adult of the flat headed borers

larvae of metallic wood borer
takes about a yr to dev
feedf under the bark
brak sawdust
thinking of the croawn

complete metamorphosis
attacking dying or stress out trees
sexual dimophic females have longer antennie

in the hearthwood of the tree or branch

it is an exotic (introduced) species of beetle that is damaging to US forests.

tunneling penetrates into hearwood of the tree
oval exist holes in tree 

active at night
use light to determine who to mate cuz there are so many species they can tell by signal of light

substrate creates flash of light

enzyme

what is flash pattern contolled by

what is flash color controlled by

gentic transfer tech-take lufufrin and put it in a plant - molecular bio
space exploration-iodiversity which we learn from these insects to make our world better

dewv on carcasses of dead animals-
make good parents
macrodecomposers
larvae of most species feed on carrion inplaces(no burial, movement)
mutalististic association w tiny mites-have mites on them so they help the beetles b eating fly eggs

get a mouse ball
shave all the hair
apply secreation so the mouse ball will not decease 

feed on hids, wool and everything
are scarvengers pest
very comon inhabitant of homes
humans use them to clean skeletons

brightly colored
wings are held above the body when at rest
active during the day
distinct club at tip-attened
sex pheromones used just for short distances
larva r naked or ver fine
pupa naked, produced above ground-chrysalid

most dully colored,some exceptions
wings fold over the body
most active at dust and night ;some exceptions, particulary among species hat mimic wasps.
sex phermones- produce long distance
lara are hairy sometimes
pupa usual brown and make concoon

classic example of migratory insect
cant survive winter in areas of freezing temp
eggs are laid in milk weed
feed on milkweed
overwinters in:mountainous areas in mexico city
not in tru hibernation-may make short flight and feed on nectar if avaliable

A term used to describe warning coloration of insects. This helps advertise that the species is toxic, has chemical defenses or is otherwise defended. Yellow, red, and orange - often mixed with black - are typical aposematic patterns.

Insects with defenses (distaste, stings, etc.) tend to show the same patterning - e.g., aposematic patternings. As a result most insects with chemical defenses tend to show the same kinds of red, orange, yellow colorations. This reinforces that such patterns signal warning to potential predators.

Some insects that are entirely palatable and lack defenses have developed patterning similar to species with defenses.

the larva and pupa bird dropping so they will not be eaten
and when they are adults they mimic the monarch butterfly
usues the mullerian mimicy
 

larvae known as thistle caterpillar-u can buy these life stages
has continual N/S migration-migrates anual into CO from overwinter area Baja, CA
pest species-weather events

a parsley worm is the larva stage
name relate to the tail like proection similar to swallows
instarsI-III look like bird dropping
later instars have warning colors
Y-shaped osmeteria everted in rsponse to distrubance that emit fowl odor

provide food and nectoar and provide some shelter if sites are expose

what is the state insect of CO

spring larva eat alfai and winter weed
march to may they pupa under ground
adult has highly variable color
behavior- adultsfollow flowers to stay cool
migrate to the mountains and in oct they migrate back to plains
they are nusance insects

they are trying to reorient to the moon

they freak out because they think they are going to eaten by a bat

what is the state insect of CO

insulates very well
light weight
grease resistance
absorb dye
doesnt catch on fire
elasticity

chemical toxins in them

polyphemus
ceropia
lo
hickory horned devil
luna moth

silk and the oppian laws of rome
louis pasteur and pebrine disease
punch cards for silk mills-development of IBM

it was introduced to the US for silk industry

yes the blank is considered a pest

sexual dimorphic
do not have these in CO
mostly occur in the east
are major pest
imported by leopold trouvelot for silk industry
show different colors 

adult are strong flyers look like birds are also knwn as hummingbird moths
not really a major pest
flies at day

flies at nifhr
not a pest
larvaelook like the sphinx from ancient egypt

can you tell the weather by the size of the band?

feeds inside the plant
ppl ut this worm inside tequila as a marketing play directed to americans to show the higher concention- an exotic drink

during industrial times trees became polluted and the darker they became
the one moth that was darker were camoflage so birds did not eat it and ate the lighter moths that did not blend into the tree in great britaint

when females emerge they are active
when these moths las smalle masses of eggs on fruit the alrva tunnel into the fruit that create the damange

doesnt cause prolems to plants
dev within seeds of legume
jumping caused by heating up

most common moth that breeds indoors
eats grains, cookies anything grain, dog food

clean up things that are indested
store al new materials in tight fitting cantainers
maintain free period for month- they will die

dev on woolen, feathers
can digest kerati
do not see it really in CO because of elevation

chewing mouthparts
wings delicate wth a very large number of veins
neuro-"sinew-nerve"
some are predaceous, some feed on nectar and pollen

enlarged sickle-shaped jaws
generally enlongate form, tapered at ends

important predators of many pest insects
use in biolgical control
their eggs are unique because they are laid in groups and has a salk on it and has a ant repellent

consturct pits in loose soil and hide at the bottom. Insects fall in and are eaten by the larvae
adults somewhate resmble damselflies

what do fire flies eat?

is purchasing ladybugs help reduce pop of pest insects in your garden
mass collecting

why are may june beetles considered pest?

what happened at the classical biological control?

Luciferin, Luciferace, ATP, Oxygen and Water create what?

It was the trade route that moved silk from China to the rest of the "known world"

what is the most common hornwom in colorado

is a term associated with blister beetles. The 1st instar larvae is very active (it hunts around to find grasshopper egg pods or ground nesting bee larvae) hunters, 2nd, 3rd instars change in form and are not active. They just hang out at the food source

The ?elytra? of a beetle is/are: A) the hardened first pair of wings. B) the special digging structures on their legs. C) sensory organs near their eyes used for sensing light. D) found on the tip of the antennae. E) another name for the larval stagehand.

How did the Colorado potato beetle get its name? A) It was named in the course of the 1830?s Long expedition to Colorado. B) It was named because it is a beneficial beetle that saved Colorado from an uncontrollable outbreak of the Cottony cushion scale. C) It was named because Colorado was the first state to report that the beetle showed insecticide resistance. D) It was named because the beetle is the worst potato pest in Colorado. E) None of these correctly describe how the Colorado potato beetle got its name.

Why are some darkling beetles (family: Tenebrionidae) called ?circus beetles?? A) They live in the very high branches of trees. B) They roll large balls of dung up hills. C) They are often found hunting for prey items on spider webs D) They stand on their heads when threatened. E) They are often found in association with circus animals (Elephants, Giraffes, etc?)

What is the ?exception? to the lady beetles family that feeds on plants and is a major crop pest in some areas? A) The May/June beetle B) The Asian lady beetle C) The convergent lady beetle D) The Colorado potato beetle E) The Mexican bean beetle

What is cantharidin? A) A term used to describe the chewed up food that a carrion beetle feeds its young. B) A defensive compound produced by blister beetles. C) The bacteria responsible for Dutch elm disease. D) The chemical that makes fireflies light up. E) The aggregation

Bark beetles are very tiny beetles, but are able to overcome a tree's defenses and kill it by: A) chewing on the needles/leaves until they all fall off. B) feeding only on completely dead wood that is already chopped up for firewood. C) using a combination of "mass attacks" and carrying a fungus into the tree. D) feeding on the roots in the winter. E) releasing cantharidin into the tree causing it to stop the process of photosynthesis.

The following best describes the larval habits of what tree boring beetle; Extensively riddle heartwood, presence of loosely
packed coarse sawdust, produce a round or oblong exit hole. A) Ips beetle B) Metallic wood borer/flatheaded borer C) Mountain pine beetle D) Longhorned beetle/roundheaded borer E) Smaller European elm bark beetle

Male and female lightning bugs/fireflies of the same species find each other: A) using species specific flash patterns that are recognized by the male and female. B) by flying to any flashing light and checking for a mate that emits the right chemical cue when it gets there. C) by use of pheromones alone, the flashing is to distract predators and confuse other fireflies. D) by waiting in well lit areas for the right mate to fly by E) by making a specific clicking noise with their antennae

Carrion beetles are considered to have something of a family life because: A) the mother carries the young on her back after they hatch, protecting and feeding them. B) both the mother and father stay with the young after they hatch, feeding and communicating with them. C) large groups of female carrion beetles come together using pheromones, establish colonies, and share resources. D) the father stays behind tending to the young while the female goes in search of food. E) the larvae help to feed each other after the mother and father leave.

Which of the following is commonly used by museum curators to clean skeletons? A) Darkling beetles (Family: Tenebrionidae). B) Carrion beetles (Family: Silphidae). C) Boll weevils (Family: Curculionidae). D) Scarab beetles (Family: Scarabaeidae). E) Carpet beetles (Family: Dermestidae).

The name for the order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) comes from Greek and refers to which distinguishing characteristic of the order? A) Their short, stubby antennae. B) Their hardened wing coverings. C) The scales on their wings. D) The presence of prolegs on the adults. E) Their unique mouthparts.

The Colorado state insect is: A) the monarch butterfly. B) the painted lady butterfly. C) the Colorado hairstreak butterfly. D) the Colorado potato beetle. E) the honey bee

Silk has been the most sought after, most jealously guarded, most furiously defended fiber in history. How was the secret broken? A) Marco Polo was favored by the emperor and allowed to take the process back to Europe. B) Napoleon?s spies stole the secret and brought it back to France hidden in barrels of gun powder. C) Louis Pasteur was given the secret as a reward for his work on pebrine (silkworm) disease. D) Emperor Justinian?s monks smuggled the secret back to the Byzantine Empire in hollowed out walking sticks. E) Leopold Trouvelot stole the secret and brought it back to the United States.

Some caterpillars have barbed hairs that break off when you touch them and can cause a burning sensation. These stinging hairs are more formally known as: A) fatal hairs. B) incurable hairs. C) pokey hairs. D) terminal hairs. E) urticating hairs.

Which of the following statements is only TRUE about moths? A) Adults are usually brightly colored. B) Adults have antennae with a distinct club at the end. C) Adults fly mostly at dusk or during the night and often pupate within a cocoon. D) Adults have wings that are held above the body when at rest. E) Adults fly mostly during the day and pupate in a chrysalis.

when one organism moves a pathogen into another organism