Exam 3
Geology 101 with Dsf at Ohio University
About this deck
By: Abby Scheaf
Created: 2011-03-02
Size: 89 flashcards
Views: 11
Created: 2011-03-02
Size: 89 flashcards
Views: 11
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Glacier
a slow moving mass of ice
Valley or Alpine Glacier
A glacier that fills a valley
Ice Sheets
A mass of glacier that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km also known as continental glacier.
Ice Caps
An ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km of land area.
Piedmont Glaciers
a thick continuous ice sheet formed at the base of a mountain range by the spreading out.
Ablation
Removal of material from the surface of an object through erosion or vaporization.
Accumulation
An increase by natural growth or addition.
Crevasse
A crack in a glacier
Glacial Polish
The appearance of rock after having been worn smooth by a passing glacier. Typically granite or other metamorphic rocks.
Glacial Striations
Scratches on bedrock which were caused by the dragging of rock that was frozen in the base of a overriding glacier.
U-shaped valleys or troughs
The shape of a valley after it has been overdeepened by a glacier.
Hanging Valleys
Smaller glacial valleys feeding into a deeper main glacier trough,
Tarn
a mountain lake formed by glaciers.
Fiords
A former glacial valley with steep walls and a u-shaped profile now occupied by the sea.
Arete
Caused by 2 glaciers forming U-shaped valleys, the space seperating them is the arete and it is a thing ridge of rock like a knife.
Roche Moutonee
A rock formation created by the passing of a glacier.
Glacial Drift
AN accumulation of earth and rock which have been transported by moving ice.
Till
unsorted glacial sediment
Stratified drift
Glacier depo
Glacial Erratics
piece of rock that differs in size and type of the native rocks in the area.
Moraine
accumulated earth and stones deposited by a glacier
nunataks
tops of mountains exposed because glacier ice is so thick
kettle
a shallow, sediment-filled body of water formed by retreating glaciers.
drumlin
a mound of glacial drift
esker
long, narrow high ridge of sand and gravel formed by a stream underneath a glacier.
kame
a round hill or short ridge of sand/gravel deposited by a melting glacier.
Glacial Surge
Glaciers moving faster than normal
Why do low latitude desters form?
General circulation of the atmosphere (30 degrees N and S)
What is a steppe?
Next step up from deserts, can grow grass.
What does most of the erosional work in deserts?
Running Water
What can form in playas?
Evaporites (salts)
What size particle makes up the bedload and suspended load of wind?
Bedload=
Name the processes of wind erosion
-deflation
-blow out
-abrasion
How does desert pavement form?
erosion of silt
What is ventifact?
Stones on surface pounded by one direction of wind on one side.
How does wind cause sand to ripple in the desert?
Saltation and creep
What are the main sedimentary structures of dunes? (3)
1. cross bedding
2. ripple marks
3. lamination
What is an oasis?
Some sort of aquifer or Artesian well need
Trace Fossils
evidence of activity of the organism
footprints, burrows, trails
Coprolites
Fossilized animal excrement.
gastroliths: swallowed stones
coal: plant fossils
oil: algae
Unaltered Soft Part Fossils
Insects preserved in amber
mammoths frozen
Unaltered Hard Parts
The hard parts of most animals such as shells, bones, teeth.
Permineralization (Altered Hard Part Fossil)
Plants, bones and shells that were once porous have their pores filled by mineral matter. Heavier than the original
Carbonization (Altered Hard Part Fossil)
The volatile consituents (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen) contained in the organic remains of plants and animals may be lost leaving a thing black film of carbon.
usually plants, fish, anthropods
Recrystallization (Altered Hard Part Fossil)
The internal physical structure of some shells is changed by a rearrangement of the molecules. Making mosaic or interlocking crystals.
Molds and Casts (Altered Hard Part Fossil)
THe impression or hole made in the sediment by a buried shell removed by groundwater solution is a mold. If the mold is later filled by cement or sediment, a cast is formed.
neg=mold
pos=cast
Paleontology
study of ancient life
Fossil Parks
Badlands NP - South Dakota - Cenozoic
Petrified NP- Mesozoic
Dinosaur NM- Colorado- Mesozoic
Fossil Butte NM- Wyoming- Cenozoic = LAGERSTATTE
Types of deserts (5)
-Low latitude or Trade Wind Deserts (30)
-Midlatitude Desert (Far from Ocean, Mountains Blocking weather)
-Rain Shadow Deserts (Mountain Blocking)
-Coastal Deserts (Wind pattern goes to Ocean) *DRIEST= CHILE NAMIBIA
-Polar Deserts (Frozen water=dry)
Deflation
removal of material by wind
Desert pavement
Pebbles on ground- deposition not deflation!
Blow-outs
Result of deflation. plant roots keep sand in tact.
Ventifacts
Rocks that are ebraided because of wind direction
Desert Varnish
polishes rock cause of wind
yardang
wind sculpted landforms aligned with wind direction (Death Valley)
Factors controlling dune formation
-wind strength
-wind direction
-topography
-source for materials
Desert Parks
Death Valley NP- California- Sand=quartz
White Sands NP- New Mexico- sand=gypsum
Great Sand Dunes NM-Colorado sand=quartz/feldspar CENOZOIC
Yosemite NP
Glacier Park in California
-PAst glacier activty
rocks: granite, diorite, grandiorite
Glacier Bay NP
Southern Alaska
-Modern Glacier Park with Lateral Moraines
all types of rocks
Calving
When Ice breaks off into ocean
What is the sand at Great Sand Dune NP?
quartz
The polar region is considered to be what?
A type of desert.
Bong Hill in Athens is Moraine from the last glacial period.
FALSE
Till
Valley glaciers scour rock and deliver this sediment at the bottom of the valley
Glaciers move at a constant speed
FALSE
Yosemite NP is full of what?
Mountains of igneous rocks from subduction
Fossil Preservation through replacement involves what?
Precipitation of a compeltely different mineral.
What kind of sedimentary rock would be preserved within a desert environment?
Chemical (evaporite) and clastic (sand, quartz, mud)
Badlands have rocks that preserve what?
ancient soil!
Wind deposits include:
Sand and silt ONLY
What is Yosemite NP famous for?
Its waterfalls and hanging valleys
Where is Badlands NP?
South Dakota
Where is the worlds largest Ice sheet?
Antarctica
The epoch of the last Ice age is called?
Pleistocene
Stratified drift is deposited by...?
Running water
Which park does not have sedimintary rocks?
Yosemite
Rocks that do not fit in with native rocks
glacial erratics
Petrified NP Contains rocks from
Mesozoic
What landscape feature is composed of coalesced alluvial fans?
Bajada.
What kind of loads does wind transport?
Bed load and suspended
Desert pavement is formed solely by what?
deposition of silt
All deserts form exclusively in the middle of latitudeS? T OR F
False! there are different types of deserts
Dunes contain cross bedding T OR F
TRUE!!!
Dinosaur footprints are an example of what category of preservation?
Trace Fossils
Best preserved fossil faunal deposits are called
Lagerstatten
About this deck
By: Abby Scheaf
Created: 2011-03-02
Size: 89 flashcards
Views: 11
Created: 2011-03-02
Size: 89 flashcards
Views: 11
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
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“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
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