Exam 3

Microbiology 2000 with Morris at University of South Florida

About this deck

By: Barbara Aitken
Textbook:

Microbiology: An Introduction, Books a la Carte Edition (10th Edition)
Created: 2011-03-28
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 132

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy

Sign up (free) to study this.

How do viruses differ from bacteria?

not composed of cells, viruses are filterable, require a host cell to live and spread

What are the purposes of spikes on a virus?

They may cause hemagglutination. They are used for absorption. They are found only on enveloped viruses.

Define lysogeny

-Phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA.
- During lysogeny, most phage genes are repressed by two repressor proteins that are phage gene products.
Can result in:
Immunity to reinfection by the same phage. Transduction of specific genes, Acquisition of new characteristics by the host cell

A clear area against a confluent “lawn” of bacteria is a called a what?

plaque

How do continuous cell lines differ from primary cell lines?

Continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations.

What would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a strand of RNA?

Synthesis of double-stranded RNA from an RNA template

What is necessary for replication of a prion?

pSc

To which group does a small, nonenveloped single-stranded RNA virus most likely belong?

viroid (also infectious)

What is the most conclusive evidence that viruses cause cancers?

Cancer following injection of cell-free filtrates.

What is a persistent infection?

an infection in which the disease process occurs gradually over a long period.

Know examples of latent viral infections.

human herpese virus 1 (cold sore)

Chronic Congenital Rubella, CMV, EBV, hepatitis B, HIV
Latent HSV, VZV, adenovirus and some retroviral infections
SSPE, PML, Kuru, CJD, progressive rubella panencephalitis

How does generalized transduction differ from specialized transduction?

generalized = lysogeny

The prophage in specialized transduction carries with it pieces of the host chromosomal DNA.

Describe what a nosocomial infection is.

Acquired during the course of hospitalization; whether through unclean objects, air, even health workers

What was the major significance of Koch’s work?

Microorganisms cause disease

How does mechanical transmission differ from biological transmission?

mechanical transmission doesn't involve specific diseases.

Which type of infection can be caused by septicemia?

Focal infection

How does transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota?

transient microbiota are present for a relatively short time.

Symptoms of a disease differ from signs of disease how?

symptoms are changes felt by the patient

Influenza transmitted by an unprotected sneeze is an example of what type of transmission?

Droplet transmission

Gastroenterisitis acquired from roast beef is an example of what type of transmission?

vehicle transmission

Know examples of vectors.

-A fly carrying disease from fecal matter to food
-Plague transmitted by a flea

Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of what type of infection?

nosocomial infection

Describe epidemiology.

the study of where and when a disease occurs, and how it is transmitted.
function: To learn how to treat and prevent various diseases.

What is the most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens?

Mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

Most pathogens that gain access through the skin enter how?

Enter through hair follicles and sweat ducts.

Know what all contributes to a pathogen’s invasiveness

Cell wall, Hyaluronidase, Ligands, Capsule

NOT TOXINS

Endotoxins are what? (aka Lipid A)

-Endotoxins are part of the outer portion of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
-One consequence of endotoxins is the activation of blood-clotting proteins. -Endotoxins do not induce the host cells to produce effective antitoxins against the carbohydrate portion of an endotoxin.

Cytopathic effects are changes in host cells due to what?

viral infections

Siderophores are bacterial proteins that compete with animal what?

trasnferrin

Know entry examples via the parental route.

Surgery, Skin cut, Injection, Bite

NOT HAIR FOLLICLE

What is ID50?

a dose that will cause an infection in 50% of the test population

Symptoms of protozoan and helminthic diseases are due to what?

Waste products excreted by the parasite
Tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues
Products released from damaged tissues.

Poliovirus is ingested and gains access to tissues by which portal of entry?

mucous membranes

Injectable drugs are tested for endotoxins by what test?

the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test.

Describe innate immunity

The body's defenses against any kind of pathogen; does not involve a memory response

What is the function of the “ciliary escalator”?

Remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract.

What does margination refer to?

Adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.

What are the results of complement activation?

Increased phagocytic activity
Increased blood vessel permeability
Opsonization
Bacterial cell lysis

NOT Interference with viral replication

Know all about fixed macrophages

They are cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system
They are found in certain tissues and organs
They are mature monocytes.

What are the effects of histamines?

vasodilation, swelling and pain

NOT FEVER

The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by what?

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by what?

C3a, C5a, and C5bC6C7

Macrophages arise from what?

Monocyte

What is the first step in the process of inflammation?

vasodilation

About this deck

By: Barbara Aitken
Textbook:

Microbiology: An Introduction, Books a la Carte Edition (10th Edition)
Created: 2011-03-28
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 132

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy