Exam 4 Ch 14
Human Physiology Biol2213 with Hill at University of Arkansas - Fayetteville
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By: sena sparks
Created: 2012-05-03
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Created: 2012-05-03
Size: 32 flashcards
Views: 12
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Renal functions
1. Regulation
2. Removal
3. Glycogenesis
4.production of hormones/enzymes
Nephron
The structural and functional units of the kidney
Glomerulus
tuft of capillaries and a renal tubule
fenestrated capillaries
glomerular capsule (bowman's)
the tubule encircling the capillaries
renal corpuscle
glomerulus+ bowman's capsule
podocyte
in inner layer of glomeerular capsule
highly modified branching epithelial cells
terminate in foot processes
filteration slits
clefts between the foot processes in podocytes
mesangial cells
- in glomerulus
- regulate blood flow by contraction
- engulf large macromolecules that get hung up after filteration
juxtaglomerular cells
- in afferent arteriole wall
- enlarged smooth muscle cells that have secretory granules
- contains hormone renin
- mechanoreceptors (blood pressure) in the afferent arteriole
- critical regulator of BP
macula densa cell
- cells adjacent to JG cells
- part of distal convoluted tubule
- they are chemoreceptors that respond to changs in the NaCl content of filterate
- critical regulator of BP
cells of Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
juxtaglomerular cells
macula densa
Juxtamedullary Nephrons
- long loop of henle
- involved in concentration of urine
- located between cortex and medulla
- 15% of nephrons
cortical nephron
- short loop of hele
- 85% (most nephrons)
glomerular capillaries
specialized for filteration
fed and drained by arteriole (afferent and efferent)
BP in capillry bed high; fluid and solute out of blood into glomerular capsule
peritubular capillaries
filtrate returned to blood
glomerular filteration
passive process in which hydrostatic pressures force the fluids and solute through a membrane
glomerular filteration rate
increased GFR: dialated afferent arteriole, constricted efferent arteriole
decreased GFR: dialated efferent arteriole, constricted afferent arteriole
filtered load
the amount of a substance that enters the filterate (via bowman's capsule)
basic renal process
1. glomerular filteration
2. tubular secretion
3. tubular reabsorption
sodium reabsorption
active transport
occurs in all tubular segments EXCEPT descending loop of henle
tubular secretion important for:
1. disposing of drugs
2. eliminating undesired substances
3. removing excess K
controlling blood pH
what tubule carries out glucogenesis?
renal
reabsorption primarily occurs in:
proximal tubule
loop of henle
what determines final amounts excreted by urine
distal tubule
Micturition
initiated by a nervous reflex which causes the smooth muscle of the bladder waslls to contract and expel urine
micturition muscles
detrusor- smooth muscle, parasympathetic
internal urethral sphinctor- smooth muscle, sympathetic
external urethral sphinctor- skeletal muscle, somatic motor
Water reabsorption
diffusion
dependent on sodium reabsorbtion
moves through aquaporins
aquarporins
highly expressed in proximal nephron
absent in collecting ducts unless ADH is active
countercurrent multiplier system: urine concentration
kidneys produce concentrated urine via countercurrent mechanisms
fluid in one tube flows the opposite way in adjoining tube (leads to large amounts of exchange)
why countercurrent multiplier works
- descending loop is freely permiable to water not solutes
- ascending is permiable to solutes not water
GFR
volume of filterate formed each minute
affected by: surface available, filteration membrane permeability, NFP, BP (flow to glomerulus)
sodium regulation
via renin
secreted from JG cells:
input to renal sympathetic nerves
renal baroreceptors (JG cells)
renal Na chemoreceptors (macula densa)
About this deck
By: sena sparks
Created: 2012-05-03
Size: 32 flashcards
Views: 12
Created: 2012-05-03
Size: 32 flashcards
Views: 12
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
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Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
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