Exam 4- Urinary System

Biology 341 with Garver at San Diego State University

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By: Alejandra Lopez
Created: 2010-11-30
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What are the 5 main functions of the urinary system?

-Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)

-Control fluid volume in blood

-Electrolyte Balance (OH-, H+, Cl-, Na2+, ...)

-Control of Blood Cell Formation

a.Erythropoietin

-Regulation of Blood Pressure

a. Renin

Be able to trace the flow of the production of urine, through the urinary structures, to the point of exit from the body.

Kidney --> Renal Pelvis --> Ureters --> Urinary Bladder --> Urethra --> Out

Describe the location of the left and right Kidney

BOth: Located at back of abdominal cavity (retroperitoneal)

-Protected by 12th rib

-fat and ribs help protect kidneys

-right kidney lower than left kidney die to liver

Which Kidney is located lower in the abdominal cavity, and why?

Right lower because of liver

Where is the cortex of the kidney?

outer layer of kidney

a. contains renal corpuscles

Where is the medulla?

Inner layer of Kidney

a. contain pyramids

b. filled with tubules

The ureters extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. What structure connects the ureters to the kidneys?

Renal Pelvis

How is urine moved through the ureters?

-Peristalsis

-and gravity

How is urine prevented from backflowing from the bladder to the ureters?

-Enters slit-like opening

-membrane covered

-Contractioin of bladder closes opening to prevent backflow into ureter

Why are kidney stones so painful when they pass?

-They are sharp

How much urine is the bladder able to hold?

-usually holds 2 cups (can hold up to 4 cups)

What is the "trigone" and why is it clinically important?

-Triangular region between 3 openings

-Primary site for Urinary Tract infections

What occurs during the process of "micturition," or voiding?

null

What is the smooth muscle of the bladder called?

Internal

Why is a woman more likely than a man to get cystitis (bladder infection)?

short urethra ~1-1/2 inches

short, close to anus

men ~7-8 inches

What are the names of the 2 sphincter muscles of the urethra?

internal and external urethral spincter

Which of the 2 sphincter muscles of the urethra is under voluntary control and which is under involuntary control?

skeletal muscle under voluntary control

smooth muscle under involuntary control

Which blood vessels supplies blood to the kidney?

Renal Artery

What is the glomerulus?

A capillary "BOW"

-Filtration site for blood

-composed of about 50 loops of capillaries

Filtrate moves into tubule system called Nephron

What is the functional subunit of the kidney?

Nephron

-1 million per kidney

-composed of the renal corpuscle and renal tubules

What is the main function of the renal corpuscle?

-site of filtration

-located in cortex

-glomerulus and bowman's capsule

~45 gallons of fluid passed

-no blood cells pass

Which two structures form the renal corpuscle?

-convoluted tubule???

JG apparatus

The DCT joins up with the afferent arteriole to form what important structure?

null

What chemical is produced by the kidneys that is responsible for red blood cell formation?

null

What chemical is produced by the kidneys that is responsible for raising the blood pressure?

null

What are the 3 main processes of urine formation?

null

The renin - angiotensin cascade causes the release of which hormone from the adrenal gland?

Aldosterone

Renin (JG junction) (stimulus is lowered BP)

Renin->Angiotensin I-> Angiotensin II-> aldosterone (adrenal gland)-> H2O re-absorbed in kidneys-> Elevates blood pressure

ANtidiuretic HOrmone

ADH

About this deck

By: Alejandra Lopez
Created: 2010-11-30
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 25

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy