Exam 4
Psychology 201 with Sobie at Grand Rapids Community College
About this deck
By: Amy Brydon
Created: 2011-12-09
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 13
Created: 2011-12-09
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 13
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj
Sign up (free) to study this.
Chunking
Grouping information that exceeds the 7+/- 2 rule
Proactive Interference
Earlier memories interfere with your ability to store or retrieve more recently learned information
Retroactive Interference
Recently learned information interferes with you ability to retrieve earlier learned information
Retrieval Cue
External or internal stimulus that activates information stored in long-term memory
Encoding Specificity
The fact that physical surroundings become encoded as retrieval cues
Why is knowing encoding specificity important?
Memories are enhanced when retrieval conditions match those present during encoding
Context-Dependent Memory
Description of the fact that retrieval is greater when our surrounding environment at the time of retrieval matches or is similar to the one we were in during learning
State-Dependent Memory
Description of the fact that retrieval is greater when our internal state at the time of retrieval matches our original state during learning
How Long does unrehearsed information stay?
30 seconds
Teratogen
Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negativelly alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Cluster of abnormalities that occurs in children born to mothers who drink alcohol during pregnancy
How much alcohol to cause FAS
There is no safe amount of alcohol. Even the slightest bit of alcohol can cause FAS
Schema
Concept that helps you organize and interpret information
Piaget's four stages of Cognitive Development
1) Sensorimotor
2) Preoperational
3) Concrete Operational
4) Formal Operational
2) Preoperational
3) Concrete Operational
4) Formal Operational
Object Permanence
Awareness that objects continue to exist even when no longer visible
What does Harry Harlow's 1958 study show?
Baby Rhesus monkeys preferred contact with surrogates that were soft and warm to those that provided food
What age do children show signs of Conscience and empathy?
Age 3
Does assignment to a minimal group influence behavior? If so, why?
Yes; members are more likely to favoritism to one another over members of another group
Bystander effect
People are more likely to help someone when alone. They are less likely to help when there are more people around--diffusion of responsibility
Fundamental attribution error
"Actors" tend to give external, situational explanations of their behavior; "observers" tend to give internal, trait explanations of actor's behavior
Does contact alone improve relations between people in different groups
No
What type of people are we most likely to associate with?
People like us: similar attitudes, behavior patterns, tastes in clothes, intelligence, personality, friends, lifestyles
What did the Robber's Cave study find?
It takes cooperative effort between groups to change perceptions of one another
Conformity
Changes in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard
Jigsaw Classroom
Classroom in which students must work together to achieve goal
Groupthink
Thinking that reflects preference for group cohesiveness that assessment of the facts of an argument
Concepts
Mental categories that are used to group objects, events, and characteristics
Algorithm
Problem solving strategies that guarantee a solution to a problem; tested formulas and instructions
Heuristic
Problem solving shortcut strategies that suggest but don't guarantee a solution: lists, comparison criteria, previous solutions
Confirmation Bias
Tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them
Functional Fixedness
Type of fixation in which individuals fail to solve problem because they're fixated on a thing's usual functions
Person's MA
Mental age; indicates level of mental development relative to that of others at same age
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Number that indicates person's level of mental development relative to all others
How is IQ derived?
(MA/CA) x 100; (Mental age/chronological age) x 100
Culture-Fair IQ test
Test that attempts to accurately reflect a person's intelligence regardless of cultural background.
About this deck
By: Amy Brydon
Created: 2011-12-09
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 13
Created: 2011-12-09
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 13
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj