Exam II Sports Psychology Chapter 6

Psychology Psy 303 with Medburry at Colby-Sawyer College

About this deck

By: Kristie Carver
Textbook:

Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology
Created: 2010-11-06
Size: 25 flashcards
Views: 80

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Reinforcement

is the use of rewards and punishments that increase or decrease the likelihood of a similar response occurring in the future

Social Reinforce-rs

Praise
Smile
pat on the back
publicity

Material Reinforce-rs

trophies
medals
ribbons
t-shirts

Activity reinforce-rs

playing a game rather than drilling,playing a different position, taking a trip to play another team, getting a rest

special outings

going to a professional game, throwing a team party, hearing a presentation from a professional athlete

Extrinsic Rewards

Kinds of rewards that people receive from others, because they come from external sources

Intrinsic Rewards

they reside within the participant
Example-taking pride in accomplishment and feeling competent

Scheduling of reinforcements

In the early stages of learning, continuous and immediate reinforcement is desirable,; in the later stages of learning, however, intermittent reinforcement is more effective

Shaping

allows people to continue to improve as they get closer to the desired response
with difficult skills, shape the behavior of the learner by reinforcing close approximations of the desired behaviors

Feedback

Feedback about performance can benefit participants in several ways, and two of the main functions are to motivate and to instruct

Motivational Feedback

attempts to facilitate performance by enhancing confidence, inspiring greater effort and energy expenditure, and creating a positive mood
examples- hang in there, you can do it , get tough

Instructional Feedback

provides information about a.) the specific behaviors that should be performed, b.) the levels of proficiency that should be achieved, and c.) the performers current level of proficiency in the desired skills and activities

Types of feedback

verbal praise, facial expressions, and pats on the back

Guidelines for using punishment

be consistent by giving everyone the same type of punishment for breaking similar rules
punish the behavior, not the person
allow athletes to have input in making up punishments for breaking the rules
do not use physical activity for punishments
make sure punishment is not a reward
do not berate or yell
do not punish for making errors while playing
do not embarrass
use sparingly

Negative approaches to Motivation: What NOT to DO

Intimidation
criticism
criticism with sarcasm
physical abuse
guilt

Intrinsic Motivation

strive inwardly to be competent and self-determining in their quest to master the task at hand
knowledge-trying to understand something new, fun while learning
Accomplishment- how feels when mastering or creating new skills
Stimulation-to experience sensation such as fun, excitement, aesthetic pleasure

Extrinsic Motivation

rewards
Integrated regulation-activity is personally important because of valued outcome
Identified Regulation-highly valued, accepted and judged by individual
introjected regulation-moticated by internal prods and pressure
External regulation-behavior controlled by external sources
Amotivation- experience pervasive feelings lack of control

Social factors affecting intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

Success and failure
focus of competition
coaches behavior

Psychological factors affecting intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

need for competence
need for autonomy
need for relatedness

Cognitive Evaluation Theory

sub-theory of the more general self determination theory
people are inherently motivated to feel connected to others within a social miliue (relatedness) to function effectively in the milieu ( effectance) and to feel a sense of personal initiative in doing so (autonomy)

Self- Determination Theory

focuses on three basic psychological needs: needs for effectiveness, relatedness, and autonomy

Locus of Causality

what causes a persons behavior

Stages for Increasing Intrinsic Motivation

Provide for Successful experiences
give rewards contingent on performance
use verbal and non-verbal praise
vary content and sequence of practice drills
involve participants in decision making
set realistic performance goals

Flow - A special Case of Intrinsic Motivation

Balance of challenge and skills
Complete absorption in the activity
Clear goals
Merging of action and awareness
total concentration on the task at hand
loss of self-consciousness
a sense of control
No goals or Rewards external to the activity
transformation of time
effortless movement

How people achieve flow

motivation to perform
achieving optimal arousal level before preforming
maintaining appropriate focus
pre-competitive and competitive plans and preparation
optimal physical preparation and readiness
Optimal environmental and situation conditions
confidence and mental attitude
team play and interaction
feeling good about performance

About this deck

By: Kristie Carver
Textbook:

Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology
Created: 2010-11-06
Size: 25 flashcards
Views: 80

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis