Exam one flashcards
Biology 111 with Lindsay at Northern Michigan University
About this deck
By: Kyle Grabowski
Textbook:
Biology with MasteringBiology? (8th Edition)
Created: 2010-09-21
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 51
Textbook:
Biology with MasteringBiology? (8th Edition)Created: 2010-09-21
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 51
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What does it mean to be alive?
Anthing that can metabolize, move, reproduce, grow, adaprt, sense the environment, and evolve.
Reductionism
Taking a larger item and reducing it to something smaller, and then studying that smaller part in more detail.
What is the basic unit of life?
Cells.
What are the four main elements our body is made up of?
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), and Nitrogen (N).
Isotopes
Same atomic number but different atomic mass. Add on neutrons to get hte different versions.
Polar vs. Non Polar
Polar - there are 2 opposite charges. ( One positive and one negative charge).
Non Polar - they have the same charges all around. Full positive or fully negative.
What is H3O?
Hydronium, for ever 10,000,000 Water molecules there is one Hydronium molecule.
Properties of Acids
Donates Hydrogens to the concentration, makes the water have more Hydronium in it. As pH goes down th amount of Hydrogen atoms go up.
Properties of Bases
Reduces the number of Hydrogen atoms. As the pH goes up, the Hydrogen atom count goes down.
Buffers
Both accept and donate protons.
What does our blood's pH need to stay at CONSTANTLY?
pH of 7.4.
What is the average pH of rain?
pH of 5.4.
What does the pH scale range from, what is considered acidic? What is considered a base? And what is considered Neutral.
Runs from 0 to 14. 0 to 6 is acidic, 8 to 14 is basic, and 7 is neutral.
What are the 4 Emergent Properties of water?
Cohesion, Specific Heat, Freezing, and Universal Solvent.
Adhesion
The clinging of one substance to another.
Surface Tension
a measure of how togh it is to streach or break the surface of a liquid.
Temperature
Is a measure of heat intensity that represents the average kinetic energy of the molecules, regardless of volume.
Hydrophillic
Has an affinity for water, likes water.
Hydrophobic
Substances that seem to repel water.
Molecular Mass
the sum of the mass of all atoms in a molecule.
Molarity (M)
The number of moles of solute per Liter of solution.
Organic Chemistry
The chemistry of life. Main element studied is Carbon.
Hydrolosis Reactions
A bond formed by the addition of water.
Dehydration Reaction/condensation
A bond formed by loosing a water molecule.
Polymer
Long molecle consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds.
What four chemicals are found in DNA?
Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T).
What four chemicals are found in RNA?
Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U).
What kind of tail does a saturated fat have in it's phospholipid?
A straight tail.
What kind of tail does a unsaturate fat have in it's phospholipid?
A kinked tail.
In a phospholipid is the head hydrophobic or hydrophillic? What about the tail?
Head is Hydrophillic.
Tail is Hydrophobic.
Prokaryote cells.
DNA is a single chromosome, NO nuclues.
Eukaryote Cell
DNA is organized in multiple chromosomes, 46 single ones, 23 pairs. Has a nucleous.
Plasma Membrane
Barrier for all cells.
Cytosol
Fluid like, jelly substance in which some organelles can be found.
Ribosome
Tiny complexes that make proteins according to the instructions from the genes.
Nucleoid
You can find a PC's DNA here, it is enclosed by the membrane.
Cytoplasm
Interior of a Prokaryote Cell
Nucleus
Only found in an EC. Contains most of the genes.
Nucleolous
Center of a nucleus, shows up darker when looked at.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Accounts for more than half of the Membrane of an EC.
Functions of a smooth ER
Sythesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxifies drugs and poisons.
Functions of a rough ER
Proteins secrete from the Ribosomes on the outside of the cell.
Gogli Apparatus
Center of manufacturing, sorting, warehouse, and shipping. Proteins come here, are modified, and then sent somewhere else in the cell. Cis face takes in proteins, trans face send out proteins.
Phagocytosis
Eating smaller organisms by engulfing them, Amobeas do this.
Food vacuoles
Help digest foods, sugars, etc...
Contractile Vacuoles
Pump excess water out of the cells.
Mitochondria
sites in the cell for cellular respiration. Enclosed in 2 membranes, each is a phospholipid bilayer. Outer membrane is smooth, inner one has folds, known as cristae.
Chloroplasts
Green pigments are found here known as chlorophil.
Roles of the Cytoskeleton
Help to maintain the cells shape and to help with cell motility (cell movement).
Microtubules
thickest type of molecular structures. Hollow rods, the walls of the rods are made up of a protein called tublin.
Centrioles
9 sets of groups of the microtubules arranged in a ring shape.
About this deck
By: Kyle Grabowski
Textbook: Biology with MasteringBiology? (8th Edition)
Created: 2010-09-21
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 51
Textbook:
Biology with MasteringBiology? (8th Edition)Created: 2010-09-21
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 51
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis