Exam3 - Protestantism

Religious Studies 104 with Ketchell;neidenthal at University of Kansas

About this deck

By: Grant Rupe
Textbook:

The Power of Religion: A Comparative Introduction
Created: 2011-04-18
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 20

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The Reformation

“A sixteenth century religious movement that focused on the central importance of each believer’s personal relationship with God, and criticized the Roman Church for its belief in the need for priestly mediation between believers and God.”—Porterfield, 100

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

-Catholic priest as a young man

-Published his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517

--List of objections to the Roman Catholic

Church

1)Primarily objecting to the sale of INDULGENCES

-Indulgences sold as a substitute for penance (prayers)

--No act alone could bring forgiveness of sin or salvation

--Must feel genuine sorrow and trust in God's mercy

2)Objecting to SACRAMENTALISM

--Ritual and the priesthood are unnecessary barriers between humans and God

3)Questioning PAPAL AUTHORITY

--Luther called for no distinction between clerics and laity

Luther’s Central Claims

1)Sola Scriptura (Scripture Alone)

2)Justification Through Faith

3)Priesthood of All Believers

4)Emphasis upon PREACHING

1)Sola Scriptura (Scripture Alone)

-Focus on the "Word" (scripture) over ritual tradition

2)Justification Through Faith

-Emphasis on cultivating an emotional link between humans and the divine (seeking grace)

-Forged through faith rather than works

-One is made righteous or just through faith

3)Priesthood of All Believers

-End to mediation by priests

--All people have personal access to the divine

--Strong emphasis upon religious INDIVIDUALISM

4)Emphasis upon PREACHING

-Since the Word is primary, preachers are of central importance

-Includes a focus upon spreading the Word to non-believers (evangelism)

John Calvin (1509-1564)

-French theologian

-Established the Reformation in Switzerland

Calvin’s Central Claims

1)Emphasis on the Total SOVEREIGNTY of God

2)Total DEPRAVITY of humanity

3)Establishment of a THEOCRACY

4)AUSTERITY of Worship

1)Emphasis on the Total SOVEREIGNTY of God

-God is majestic and removed from the natural world

2)Total DEPRAVITY of humanity

-As a result of the Fall, all are born sinful

--Creates a condition of absolute reliance on grace

--Humans cannot choose God but instead must be chosen (predestination)

3)Establishment of a THEOCRACY

-Calvin transformed Geneva into a place ruled by the church

-Stressing moral action in the public sphere

4)AUSTERITY of Worship

-Almost no ornamentation on the walls of Calvinist churches (e.g. “Reformed”, Presbyterian and Baptist churches)

-Starkness causes absolute focus on the Word

-Attention is on pulpit not altar

Henry VIII (1491-1547)

-Creates the Church of England (Anglican Church) in 1533

--Known as the Episcopal Church in US

-A synthesis of Catholicism and Protestantism

-Renounced papal authority but still maintained most of the ritual/sacraments of Catholicism

Puritans

-Wishing to purify the Church of England

--Some thought this could not be accomplished in England and sailed to North America (Pilgrims)

--An "errand in the wilderness" to construct a new Israel

--Belief in a pact/promise between God and Puritans (covenant theology)

Protestants and Sacraments

Many Protestants deny that a physical act can have a spiritual presence

-Some Episcopalians recognize all seven Catholic sacraments

-Lutherans believe that only Baptism and the Eucharist are sacramental

-Baptists completely reject the language of “sacrament”

--Instead refer to Baptism and the Eucharist as “ordinances”

Baptism

Practiced in some form by almost all Protestants

-Sometimes as an infant and sometimes as an adult (teenager)

--Done by sprinkling, pouring, or immersion

-Different meanings for different groups/denominations

Eucharist

Most Protestants have some form of this

-Sometimes called Holy Communion or the Lord’s Supper

-Some offer it once per week, some once per month, some once per year

-Some offer wine at the service and some prefer grape juice

-Most have “open communion”

Worship

“Liturgy”—A prescribed set of forms for public religious worship

Liturgical Traditions

Liturgical Traditions—Characterized by solemnity, ritual, formally trained clergy

-Services often resemble those of Catholicism in look/tone

--Episcopal Church, Lutheran churches

Non-Liturgical Traditions

Characterized by a greater degree of emotion, lack of ritual, and lay preachers

-Services are more upbeat and informal

--Pentecostal churches, some Baptist churches, non-denominational churches

Mainline vs. Conservative Protestantism

1)Biblical Interpretation

2)Science and faith

3)Social Change vs. Soul-Saving

1)Biblical Interpretation

Mainline (Liberal)

Bible as a human document

-Acceptance of Source Criticism (Higher Criticism)

-Bible as a statement of moral/spiritual truths

--Not always reliable in the areas of history or science

Conservative

Bible as the word of God

-Perhaps “inerrant” (accurate in every detail)

Conservative

Bible as the word of God

-Perhaps “inerrant” (accurate in every detail)

2)Science and faith

Mainline

Generally accepting of science, including evolution

Conservative

Science only acceptable if congruent with the Bible

-“Fundamentalism” developed in the late 19th/early 20th c.

--A reaction to modern approaches to the Bible as well as evolutionary theory

3)Social Change vs. Soul-Saving

Mainline

Religion as an agent for social change (e.g. Social Gospel)

-More optimism about human nature and the possibility of this-worldly reform

Conservative

Religion as a refuge from a sinful world

-Greater focus on preparing souls for the world-to-come

--Often informed by dispensationalism (premilennialism)

About this deck

By: Grant Rupe
Textbook:

Religion: The Basics

The Power of Religion: A Comparative Introduction
Created: 2011-04-18
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 20

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis