Exercise Science
Exercise And Sport Science 269 with Graham at University of Kansas
About this deck
By: Lindsey McAlonan
Created: 2010-12-12
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 36
Created: 2010-12-12
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 36
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Information processing
Sensory Input--> Perceptual Mechanism-->Decision Mechanism-->Effector Mechanism-->Motor Output-->Movement
Perceptual mechanism
-proper interpretation of sensory inputs, allows for lacking info from one sense to be filled by another
Decision Mechanism
Once senses are integrated movement decisions
Effector mechanism
Once the decision of what movement should be performed is made, the movement must be executed
Open Skill
stable enviornment
Closed Skill
changing enviornment
Period of no improvement
plateau
Any information received regarding the outcome of the motion
Augmented feedback
What feedback is most helpful?
Quantitative feedback
When the performer does something right, ask them to recall how that felt. What feedback?
Bandwidth
Positive transfer of learning
living room golf ball putting
Negative transfer of learning
handball/tennis
formal laboratory environment, most accurate research
Clinical
multiple test simultaneously, cheap research
Field research
Observation of an individual for an extended period of time
Longitudinal research
REsearch several groups of individuals, each in different areas of the developmental continuum
cross-sectional research
Aerobic Endurance
-females begin rapid improvement at 14, plateau at adolescent yrs
-males begin at age 16
Joint Flexibility
-both increase until age 16, may plateau at age 12 in males
Speed
-females increase slightly at puberty
-males increase greatly at puberty
Concerns in HIT (High Intesity Training) in children
-cognitive difference
-psychologically
-physiologic
Children's susceptibility to heat and cold
Sweat less, more heat production per body mass
Lower mass, smaller bodies surface area per mass
Connect to muscles and originate in the spinal cord
Motor Neuron
Way of a muscle
Whole Muscle-->Fascicles-->Muscle Fibers-->Myofibrils-->Sarcomeres-->Myofilaments
STUDY SARCOMERE
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Action Potential
-Nerve impules travels down the motor nerves by propagation
-Sodium leaves the axon as AP passes, making outside the axon more positive
-Reaches the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
-Release ACh into synaptic cleft
-
Action Potential (continued)
-Causes AP on post synaptic membrane (sarcolemma) of muscle fiber
-AP travels across membrane and down t-tubules, causing calcium release, triggering sliding filament theory.
Atop is the chemical form of energy used by all cells
null
Types of muscles fibers
Type 1, Type IIa, Type IIx, Type II B.
Sprained Ankles
-pronation
-supination
Pronation=
calcanus toward lateral, everted
Supination
calcaneus toward medial, inverted
Muscle can only be
strained
Most common strain
hamstrings
4 shoulder joints, only one can't be dislocated, which is?
scapulocostal
Spinal Curviture- Lordosis
curvature of lower back
Kyphosis
curvature of upper frontal back
Scoliosis
Spine is curved.
Parent Disciplines of exercise science
Math, psychology, physicology, engineering, chemistry, biology, physics
Logical fallacies
-testimonial approach
-tenacity
-knowledge of authority
-rationalistic method
Testimonial
-worked for me
tenacity
folk lore
knowledge of authority
appeal to authority
Rationalistic method
cause and effect
Scientific method
observation, hypothesis, experiment, theory
Basic research
acquire new knowledge
Applied research
applications of basic research
Father of biomechanics
Alfonso borelli
Sagittal
splits body into right and left sides
Frontal
splits body into anterior and posterior
Transverse
rotates around longitudinal axis
Abduction
towards head
Adduction
towards waist
First class lever
fulcrum is located between load and force
-teeter-totter, hammer, elbow
Second class lever
load is in between the fulcrum and the applied force
-wheelbarrow, pushup
Third Class lever
force is applied between fulcrum and resistance
-shoveling, biceps
Velocity and speed formula
Position2-Position1/Time2-Time1
Velocity-->formula in a certain direction
Acceleration
A=(V2-V1)/Change in time
Dimples in golf ball
decreases wake size and drag
Fosbury flop
works by making the center of gravity as low as possible
Which body composition measurer is the best?
DEXA
Which body fat distribution is like an apple
android
like a pear?
Gynoid
4 ways body uses to avoid overheating
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation
When 2 solid objects touch each other, heat is lost
Conduction
Heat exchange that relies on particle movement of a fluid or gas past an object of a diff. temperature
Convection
Heat exchange between an object and its environment without an intervening medium
Radiation
When it's cold, tissues
vasoconstict
Difference in atmospheric pressure is because of
density
Atmospheric pressure is lower at high elevation
null
Every 33 ft of water depth, represents an additional atmosphere
null
Studies motor learning and learning psychology
Cognitive Sport Psychology
Studies the role of social interaction on sport and vice versa
Social Sport Psychology
Working one on one in a counseling setting to help athletes perform their best.
Clinical sports or exercise psychology
The best performance at a particular motivation or arousal level
Yerkes-Dodson law
AKA INverted U-theory
Athletes tested by
Profile of mood states
A personality feature whereby someone demonstrates high levels of anxiety at all times
Trait
a measure of how anxious a person feels at a particular time
state
Runners high
release of enkephalins that masks pain and induces a sense of euphoria
duplicates the nerve pattern on a much scale
psychoneuromuscular theory
'see something' done and then you will know how to do it better
Symbolic learning theory
immediately prior to competition, thinking about what is come will improve performance by reaching the correct motivation level
Activation theory
Imagery activates long-term memory to enhance the pathways involved in mental production of movement
Bioinformational.info processing theory
About this deck
By: Lindsey McAlonan
Created: 2010-12-12
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 36
Created: 2010-12-12
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 36
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis