Fall Exam Chapters 1.3.4.5.6

- changes further in same direction (bank account growth)

- changes in opposite direction (body temperature)

- concentrated, can perform useful work, ex. coal

- dispersed energy, difficult to use, ex. oceans heat

- existence of species depends on whether the levels of one or more factors fall within tolerable range

- dissolved oxygen content, salinity

- Gross Primary Productivity: rate which producers convert solar energy into chemical energy as a biomass

- Net Primary Productivity: rate at which producers use photosynthesis to store energy

- estuaries, swamps, rainforests

- open open, desert, tundra

- eat producers and other consumers

- partially decomposed matter

- break down matter

single cell prokaryotic, eukaryotic, multi-cellular organisms

(Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals)

- change in a population's genetic makeup through successive generations, all species descended from earlier species

- two species arise from one

- numerous new species evolve to fill new or vacated niche

1. genetic variabilty

2. heritable traits

3. differential reproduction

1. geographic isolation (diff groups of same pop. spread out)

2. reproductive isolation (changes so much, cant reproduce)

- low number of species disappears at low rate as environment changes

- catastrophic event

- short term atmospheric conditions

- region's long term atmospheric conditions

- cirrus clouds, stable weather

- thunderheards, winds, storms

- cool air that descends, fair weather, clockwise

- warm air, expands and cools, storms, counter-clockwise

- uneven heating of earth's surface

- seasonal changes (earth's tilt = 23.5)

- rotation of earth (coriolis effect)

- convection

- temperature and precipitation

- contributes to global warming but also helps to keep planet suitable for living

- water vapor, CO2, methane, nitrous oxide