FAMR Test 2
Family Resource Management 230 with Rick at University of Hawaii - Manoa
About this deck
By: Ashley McCall
Created: 2011-03-15
Size: 145 flashcards
Views: 27
Created: 2011-03-15
Size: 145 flashcards
Views: 27
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Early Childhood
2-6 years
pre-school years
EC Growth & Devpt
grow at reduced rate but cont. to develop coordination
SLOW STEADY physical growth
Brain Laterilization
Right=non-verbal
Left=verbal
Motor Development
Gross=whole body actions, kicking a ball
Fine=Hand-eye coordination
Boys excel in activities involving strength ex. throwing, jumping
girls outshine in coordination ex. balancing, hopping
Differences reflect cultural expectations which channel gender based activites
Family
provide material, emotional and spiritual confort
Types: traditional, single parent, 2nd marriage, 3 generational
strengthening families is investment in future
Strong Families
being committed
showing appreciation
communicating
spending time
sharing values and beliefs
coping w/ stress
EC: Health
Poverty major contributor to poor health
20% of kids in 2007
Leading cause of death in childhood
car accidents
accidents are preventable
Piaget 2nd stage
Preoperational stage age 2-7
children think before taking any action and anticipate outcome
ex. deferred imitation
Growth and language tied to cog skllls
Limitations: children are unable to: egocentricism, conservation, centration, irreversibility, animism
deferred imitation
able to imitate someones actions after seen or heard
egocentrism
take other viewpoints into account
conservation
understand quantity is un-related to physical appearance of objects
centration
focus on several aspects of problem at same time
irreversibility
reverse series of operations to original state
animism
projection of human qualities onto inantimate object
Language
acquired at fast rate after 2
fast mapping
social speech develops over time (begins at 2 but not controlled until 5)
fast mapping
preschoolers ability to associate words and their meanings after first encounter
intuitive thought
child gathers reasoning by asking questions
autobiographic memory
first memory
Vygotsky's View
kids learn in presence of other people (social context)
Zone of proximal development
parents can guide child to answers when kids are learning something new
level when kid can almost but not fully perform a task independently
scaffolding
help provided to child to help learn
support for learning and problem solving that encourages growth
ex. want child to throw ball 15 ft, start close and move back each throw
private speech
speech directed toward self "I can do it"
social speech
speech spoken to others and meant to be understood by others
television and internet
televised violence is part of social learning theory
DAEP
developmentally appropriate educational practice
1. typical development=teacher designs activities based on what child can do
2. unique=teacher realizes each child is unique
Erikson 3rd stage of psychosocial development
Iniative vs. guilt
children display eagerness to understand new activities
guilt is emotional response to realization of possible failure
self esteem
positive or negative self evaluation
self concept
set of beliefs about one-self
personal identity
gender identity
perception of maleness/femaleness
how kids learn they are boy/girl by observation
usually occurs between 5-7
Males spend more time in rough & tumble play
Females spend more time in organized games and role playing
Identification
children attempt to be similiar to same sex parent
gender schema
framework that organizes info relevant to gender
gender constancy
awareness that people are permanently male or female
Gender
what it means to be male or female in given culture
Social learning theory
offset of Skinner behavioral theory
learn thru observation
gender specific behavior learned f/ observation of others
similarities b/t boys and girls outweigh differences
books and media reinforce stereotypes
aggresion is a learned behaviour
TV influence
influence child attitude about:
1. gender roles
2. hurting/helping people
3. alcohol/drug use
4. sexuality
Play
children learn to use muscles and develop social interactions
functional play
easy, simple repetitive play
constructive play
building things
effective parenting
Discipline:
1. prevent from hurting2. teach moral values
3. learn self control
Middle childhood
6-12 years
school age
Obesity
body weight more than 20% above average for height and weight
obesity.org
causes:
food choices, physical activity, eating patterns, parental eating habits and physical activity
overweight children are more likey to become overweight adults
authoritarian parents
punitive measures for punishment
controlling
word is law
permissive parenting
non-controlling but warm
dont play a role in childs development
authoritiative parenting
age appropriate limits with explanations to why but still firm
child abuse
1/3 of children abused
Cycle of violence hypothesis
children who were abused are more likely to abuse their own children
psychological maltreatment
conveying to a child that they are worthless, flawed, unloved or unwanted
resilience
bouncing back
Kohlberg Moral devpt
standards of morality coincide with advances in cognitive devpt.
ability to understand another POV is basic component in moral reasoning
presented moral dilemmas and recorded responses
Kohlberg 3 Moral Levels
1. pre-conventional (child-10) child follows rules in terms of physical punishment or reward or that authority imposes rules (morality external)
2. Conventional (most teens and adults) morality internalixed, conforms to expectations of social order
3. Post-conventional (<25% of adults) person tries to identify moral values regardless of others opinions
prosocial behaviour
helping behavior that benefits others
empathy
emotional response that corresponds to feelings of another person
emotional self regulation
being able to control emotions
Bronfenbrener
Ecological system theory
series of concentric circles
inner=family=microsystem
outer=culture=macrosystem
ADHD
3 characteristics
1. inattentive
2. impulsive
3. low tolerance for frustration
Piaget cognitive theory
7-12 years
concrete operations
major acheivements=conservation, decentration, reversability, egocentricism
Concrete operations
children begin to use symbols to perform operations or mental activities, although cannot transcend "here and now"
Conservation
awareaness that 2 things remain the same although altered physically
decentration
talking multiple aspects of situation into account instead of focusing on one thing
reversability
series of actions can be undone
egocentricism
enables children to understand other viewpoints and improves communication
Creativity
flexible and original thought
convergent thinking
only one answer
close ended
not creative
divergent thinking
multiple answers
open ended
encourages creativity
Turnaround video
video addresses issue of positive parenting as preventative strategy in dealing with devastating effects of child abuse
metamemory
memory capablity and stragies that can aid memory
metalinguistic awareness
ability to objectify language as a process
knowing that language is more than just symbols, words are seperable from meanings
language has a structure than can be manipulated
fluid intelligence
capacity to think logically and solve problems independent of acquired knowledge
crystallized intelligence
ability to use skills, knowledge and experience that relies on info from long term memory
Erikson 4th crisis
Industry vs. inferiority (6-12 yrs)
children attempt to gain regocnition of their efforts in completing something worthwhile
Social comparison
individuals evaluate own opinions and desires by comparing themselves to others
Friendship
funtions
1. emotional acceptance and security
2. contribute to devpt. of values and attitudes
3. influence formation of self-concept
4.transmit knowledge about socially accepted behaviors
Stages of friendship
Basing Frienship on:
Stage 1: others behavoir
Stage 2: trust
Stage 3: phychological closeness
status
evaluation of a role or person by other relevant members of a group
social competence
collection of individual social skills that permits individuals to perform successfully in social settings
social problem solving
use of strategies for solving social conflicts in ways that are satisfactory both to oneself and to others
coregualtion
children and parents jointly contol behavior
self care child
children who let themselves into their homes after school and wait along until their parents return from work
blended families
family that has a step mother/father/sister/brother from a remarriage
teacher expectancy effect
cycle of behavior in which a teacher transmits an expectation about a child and actually brings about the expected behavior
emotional intelligence
skills that underlie the accureate assessment, evaluation, expression and regulation of emotions
G. Stanley Hall
created adolescence as own period in turn of 20th century (1904)
period of "storms and stress"
Adolescence
period between childhood and adulthood (12-20 years)
puberty and physical change
Puberty
marks stage of rapid physiological growth
height and weight increase
10 for girls
12 for boys
secular trend
pattern of change occurring over several generations
primary sex characteristics
associated with development of organs and structures directly related to reproduction
secondary sex characteristics
visible signs of sexual maturity that do not involve sex organs directly
Early puberty vs. late
early maturing boys=more popular
late maturing boys=may feel inadequate but benefit from prolonged childhood
Piaget 4th stage
Formal Operations
Characteristics, adolescents can think:
1. logical
2. abstract
3. systematic
4. hypothetical
Information processing
sees changes in adolescents cognitive abilities as evidence of gradual transformations in the capacity to take in, use and store info
metacognition
knowledge that people have about their own thinking prcesses and thier ability to monitor their cognition
Adolescent egocentricism (Elkind)
state of self absorption in which world is viewed as focused on oneself
characteristics: argumentiveness, self conciousness, self centerdness, indecisiveness
why do teens find fault in authority? teens can now imagine possibilities in ideal world
imaginary audience
fictitious observers who pay as much attn to the adolescents behavior as adolescents do to themselves
personal fables
view that what happens to them is unique, exceptional and shared by no one else
Identity formation
develops throughout life
Erikson 5th stage
Identity vs. identity confusion
2 developmental peaks:take on adult body proportions, ability to think abstract
adolescents gain increase sense of purpose and own individuality
Family ties
sharing basic values
autonomy
independence an self control over life
generation gap
MYTH
divide between parents and children in attitudes, values, aspirations and worldviews
reference groups
groups of people with whom one compares one self
cliques
groups of 2-12 people whose members have frequent social interactions
crowds
larger groups comprised of people sharing interest but may not interact with one another
sex cleavage
sex segregation
boys hang out with boys vice versa
Conformity
caused by peer pressure
peer pressure
influence of ones peers to conform to thier behavior and attitude
teenage pregnancy
higher rate in US
Risk factors:Physical and Educational
Factors: contraceptive, adolescent pressure, socioeconomic, childhood enviro, sexual abuse, dating violence
is it true that parents and teens dont see eye to eye?
false
Teen Pregnancy risk factors
Physical
Educational
leading cause of death in children
car accidents
diff between L and R brain hemisphere
L=verbal
R=non-verbal
older child watches mom bathe younger, then older child bathes stuffed animal. Ex of what?
differed imitiation
Piaget 5 year old stage?
pre-operational
level at which child could almost, but not fully perform task?
ZPD
fast mapping?
learn word after hearing it once
divorce can lead to period of psychological maladjustment for children resulting in?
lack of sleep
obesity.org lists all modifyable causes of obesity except?
genes
ability to produce more than one answer?
divergent thinking
creativity killers
surveillance
rewards
competition
evaluation
moral devpt is tied to ?
cognitive devpt
person following moral principles that supercede societty?
post-conventional
10 year old asked how he is at basketball. He will compare himself to?
same aged person
Characteristics of puberty?
rapid physical growth
sexual changes
early maturing boys
more popular
18 year old thinks they can drink and drive?
personal fable
arguments b/t teens and parents usually over?
everyday things
Erikson psychosocial stage that says unique and different?
identity vs. identity confusion
slow steady continual growth for entire life?
no, until puberty
% of children living in poverty in us?
20%
do boys and girls differ in motor skills?
no if given same opportunity
name of Piaget 2nd stage?
pre operations (2-7)
How does child identify object, even if not seen but has only heard name?
fast mapping
How does TV influence childrens attitude?
gender roles, hurting/helping people, alcohol and drugs, sex
Erikson 3rd stage?
initiative vs. guilt
Piaget 3rd stage
concrete operation
2 girls (8 & 4), one has plate of spaghetti cut the other remains whole. Both plates are equal but uncut child thinks cut child has more. Why?
concrete activities
morality internalized at what level according to Kohlberg?
conventional
Current divorce percentage?
33%
Psych consequence of divorce
anxious, depressed, trouble sleeping
How did adolescence become a period?
G. Stanley Hall
G. Stanley Hall said adolescence was period of what?
storm and stress
Egocentricism char.
self concious=imaginary audience
self centered=personal fable
Erikson 5th stage
Identity vs. confusion
Percentages
poverty 20%
obesity 20%
child abuse 33%
divorce 33%
Erikson stages
EC: Initiative
MC: Industry
Adol: Identity
About this deck
By: Ashley McCall
Created: 2011-03-15
Size: 145 flashcards
Views: 27
Created: 2011-03-15
Size: 145 flashcards
Views: 27
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis