Development of Mass Media Notes February 15th, 2012 Wednesday Partisan Press -1830s: Penny Press -(actual news starts to happen. Some Penny Press begin to become independent from Political Parties) -The Sun: Day and Herald: Bennett -Herald and Greely Moral Wars -1850s1870s: Nations News -1890s New (Yellow) Journalism (print/ lower class concerns with every day)Pulitzer and advertisement William Randolph-Hearst -Citizen Kane is a movie about his life 2 Models of Journalism: -Entertainment Model ?Ideal of story? (Pulizter?s World) News as guide. Facts selected and framed Interpretation -Factuality ?Ideal of Information? (Och?s times) Facts Unframed All spelled out, decontetualied from enviorment Information vs Story -Information becomes ideal for ?real? journalism Associated with fairness, objectivity Who makes this judgement and on what ground? -Yet most read/top articles remain story and personality driven -What people use the news for (to relate to or to be informed) affects what they read -Concern attributed to difference in the way Journalist/critics vs readers/viewers define news and how it is used Facts to be informedtransmission view Stories and how they personally impact mespeculation view Mechanical Production: The Decay of the Aura Mechanical Reproduction -accelerated intensity of reproduction -Lithography Benjamin -Frankfurt School (With Adorno) -inspired by Marx -Base and superstructure Mechanical Reproduction of Art -Benjamin?s ? What is the impact of the mechanical repro of works of art (change of production) on the traditional art form (changes in superstructure)? Unique Existence Substistuted for a Plurality of Copies -Image of art have become, ubiquitous, insubstantial, available, valueless, free -Art isn?t there lasting thousands of years, it is something you can throw away Shifting Art Form -Original: Still and silent: picture fixed within specific context Simultaneity of whole Unique and permanent -Film: unfolds in time Leads spectator in story in its own way Transitory and can be copied The ?Original? -Authenticity The essence of all that is transmissible from its beginning Physical changes over time Trance in ownership -Quality of Pressence Most perfect copy lacks is prensence in time and space. The unique existence at the place it happens to be Loss of authenticity Eliminated elementBenjamins ?Aura? The Aura: -what the original has that copies lack, the exclusive quality, that value, eliminated by mechanical reproduction -Value no longer unique content ?what it says? but in ?what is it? the authenticity and unique -We bestow this upon the originals this bogus religiousity (Berger) Distance and the Aura -aura remains at a distance (element of myster)
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