Female reproductive system and Pelvic structures

Zoology 3733 with Samsam at University of Central Florida

About this deck

By: Brittany Boaz
Textbook:

Atlas of Human Anatomy: with Student Consult Access (Netter Basic Science)
Created: 2011-04-10
Size: 85 flashcards
Views: 82

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The pelvis contains the

distal part of the intestine and the urinary tract and internal genital organs

Boney pelvis is composed of the

hip bones, sacrum, coccyx

Superior part of the pelvis is called the

False pelvis

Inferior part of the pelvis is called the

True pelvis

Anterior wall of the false pelvis is

Muscular

Anterior wall of the true pelvis is

Boney

Border between the true and flase pelvis is the

superior pelvic aperture (Pelvic brim or inlet)

The pelvic brin/ inlet is located

between the promontory of the sacrum and the pubic tubercle.

Pelvic outlet is between the

Tip of the coccyx and lower border of the pubic symphysis

Pelvis is separated from the perineum by the

Pelvic diaphragm Which is the Levator ani muscle

Inferior to the levator ani muscle between the thighs and buttocks is called

the perineum

perineum contains the

penis, scrotum and anus in males

external genitalia (vulva) and the anus in female

ala of the ilium is covered by the

iliacus muscle accompanied by psoas major (iliopsoas) muscle

Lateral wall is covered by the

obtrator inturnus arising from pelvic surface of the ilium and ischium beneath the pelvic brim

Posterior wall is composed of the

piriformis

Pelvic floor consists of the

Levator ani and coccygeus (ischiococcygeaus)

Internal femal genital organs:

ovaries, uterine (fallopian tubes), Uterus (womb), and the vagina

Internal femal genital organs are situated within the

lesser pelvis

External genital organs

Labia major and labia minor and the clitoris, the vestibule of the vagina, and the vestibular glands (these are located in the perineum).

Mos pubis, labia major, labia minor, clitoris, vestibule of vagina, bulbs of the vestibule, greater vestibular (bartholin) gland

Broad ligament of the uterus (mesometrium, ligamentum latum uteri)

is the sheath of the peritoneum lifted by the uterus and the fallopian tubes.

Mesosalpinx and mesovarium are

folds of the broad ligament

Vesicouterine and rectouterine (douglas) pouches are

forward and backward extensions of the brad ligament from the uterus over the urinary bladder and rectum anterior and posterior to the uterus.

Ovaries

Almond shaped structures 2.5 to 5 cm long and 0.5-1 cm thick

Ovaries are covered by

mesovarium

Ovaries are attached to the uterus by means of the

ligament of the ovary ( ovarian ligament)

Ovary is attached to lateral abdominal (and pelvic) wall by means of the

suspensory ligament of the ovary. This ligament contains the ovarian artery and vein

Fallopian tubes

run from the tubal angle of the uterus to the surface of the ovary (on the abdominal end)

Fallopian tubes are

intraperitoneal, mobile, and fixed by mesosalpinx

Uterus is anchored between urinary bladder and rectum by

muscular connective tissue retinaculum in the subperitoneal connective tissue

Uterus is fixed by the

round ligament which arises from the anterior aspect of the lateral angle

Round ligament of uterus passes through

the inguinal canal to reach the labia major

Uterus can be divided into

body, neck, and fundus

in a nullipara adult lady the uterus is

7.5cm long, 5cm width and 2.5cm thick

Uterus is composed of smooth muscle layer called

myometrium

The mucosal endometrium is

simple high columnar epithelium

Neck of the uterus (cervix ) has 2 parts

supravaginal and vaginal (portio clinically)

Vaginal part of neck is

1cm protruded into the vagina.

Vaginal part of neck is covered by

vaginal epithelium that is stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

External Os of cervix is

round in nulliparous and transverse after childbirth

In some ladies, internal Os is incompetent and leads to

habitual abortion before the 3rd month.

Surgical treatment: tie the cervix (shirodka/McDonald

The unterine muscle undergoes ___ and ____ during pregnancy

Hypertorphy and hyperplasia (then regresses)

blood supply of uterus

uterine artery (from internal iliac)

Ovarian artery

Vaginal artery

Innervation of uterus

sympathetic and parasympathetic

(pelvic splanchnic nerves S2 S3 S4)

Pap smear

is to evaluate the cervical pathology and count various cell types

PBC, SSC, ISC

leiomyomas (fibroids)

most common overall tumors in women. more in blacks than whites, estrogen sensitive smooth muscle tumors that in pregnancy may enlarge and cause obstructive delivery.

Principle support of uterus are

active (dynamic) and passive

Dynamic support is given by the

pelvic diaphragm (levator ani and coccygeous Muscle) and other muscluar supports

Passive (mechanical support )

uterus is normally ante-flexed and bent forward over the bladder (90 degree) this prevents the uterus from being pushed out of the genital opening

If support of the uterus is lost

Several births/old age... uterus may drop lower or its prtio part comes out of the vagina (prolapse)

retroverted uterine may be a cause of

abortion and dysparunia

Ligamentous support of uterus

cervix of the uterus is the lease mobile part of the uterus because it is supported by the endopelvic fascia or retinacula which also contains smooth M.

Transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament

extended from cervix to lateral pelvic walls

Sacrocervical (sacrouterine) ligament supports

posteriorly

Pupocervical (pubouterine) ligament

anteriorly

Endometrium (mucosa) lies directly on

the myometrium

Endometrium has

simple high columnar epithelial (some ciliated) cells and contain uterine glands

Basil layer (1mm) is

not shed during menstration and can be distinguished from a functional layer

Stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum up to

8mm

Menstural cycle is commonly

28 days long

Counting of the menstural cycle starts

from the first day of bleeding

Desquamation and regeneration

1st-4th day

Dissapearance of progesterone and increase in estrogens. Superficial layer of endometrium is shed and eventually the epithelium and connective tissue of functional layer regenerate from the basal layer and the wound is closed

Prolipheration

5th-15th day Ovulation period mainly controlled by estrogen. functional layer grows, glands get bigger, spiral arteries form, body tempurature rises

Ovulation usually takes place

13-14 days before first day of new menstrual period

Phase of secretion

15th-28th day

controlled by progesterone, mucous secretion and increase in blood vessels. at the end of this phase, progesterone decreases and arteries contract due to drying. ischemia follows and tissue damage and bleeding starts again.

length of fallopian tubes

8-20 cm long

fallopian tubes are located

intraperitoneally in mesosalpinx of the broad ligament

4 parts of fallopian tubes

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and uterine part

infundibulum is

open and has finger like structures called fimbria

Ampulla

dialated part of tube 5-6cm which has longitudinal grooves to guide ovum

mucosa of fallopian tubes

has branching folds and is simple high columnar ciliated epithelium (pseudostratified) with glandular cells.

Some fluid is produced here and ciilliae produce a

current towards uterus which is useful in migration and distribution of the spermatosoa

Muscular layer causes

peristasis towards uterus

Ovum is released from the

folicle and reaches the funnel via the fimbria within 3-6 min.

Blood supply of fallopian tube is by

ovarian artery and

uterine artery

Ampulla of the tube is the site of

fertilization but not implantation.

Implantation is in the

uterus

Ectopic pregnancy

if implantation ocurs at places other than the anterior or posterior walls of the cavity of the uterus (body) Uterine tube cannot accommodate the place for pregnancy beyond the 2nd moth. causes severe abdominal pain. surgical evacuation is an emergency operation

Salpingitis

Inflammation (PID) and infection (gonorrhea and clamydial) of fallopian tubes which may lead to loss of epithelium which can interfere with fertilization and sterility.

Histerosalpingography

radiopaque material is injected into the uterus. one can check for the shape and anomalies of the uterus and the patent tubes.

Urinary bladder lies in the

lesser pelvis beneath the peritoneum behind the pubic bone (in newborns it lies above pubic bone)

Median umbilical ligament is a remnant of

urachus ascends from its vertex. (obliterated umbilical arteries) are found around its body extended to the umbilicus.

Urinary bladder is for

urine reservation

It can hold over

700 ml of urine voluntarily however 350 ml causes the urge to urinate

Both ureters enter the bladder at its base

the trigone, and the urethra leaves from here

Urinary bladder has a

transitional type epithelium and mucosa is soft reddish.

About this deck

By: Brittany Boaz
Textbook:

Atlas of Human Anatomy: with Student Consult Access (Netter Basic Science)
Created: 2011-04-10
Size: 85 flashcards
Views: 82

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy