Final Anthropology!

Anthropology 106 with Modenos at University of Massachusetts, Amherst

About this deck

By: margot isaacs
Created: 2010-12-12
Size: 116 flashcards
Views: 56

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anthropology

the study of humans

bands

small-scale groups of people, usually hunter-gatherers, nomadic, related and organized by kinship systems (clans), egalitarian, reciprocal. Rule is by consensus of the group, not by force.

tribes

larger groups of people, related and organized by kinship systems, egalitarian, leadership and rule based on influence, persuasion not force. Several Bands often make up a Tribe.

chiefdoms

much larger groups of people, political systems are more formalized and centralized, still organized fundamentally through kinship lines (clans) although now different clans have different levels of status and political authority. Beginnings of social status differentiation. Rule is through a variety of economic, social, food and religious institutions (but still not through force).

states

much larger populations, participation in group no longer related to kinship systems, political system officially centralized, bureaucratic institutions establish power and authority over large population in distinct territories, socially stratified, rule through institutionalized mechanisms and force.

hunter-gatherer

-part of bands
-a member of a hunting and gathering society

nomadic

-part of bands
-A member of a group of people who have no fixed home and move according to the seasons from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land.

egalitarian

a person who believes in the equality of all people

social stratification

the condition of being arranged in social strata or classes within a group

mesopotamia

first state society 5000 years ago

coercion

force and power
-in which to control territory and its inhabitants

nation

is conceptualized as a group of people who are seen to share common attributes, namely culture, language, territory, and history.

nation-state

The nation state is a state that self-identifies as deriving its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign entity for a country as a sovereign territorial unit.^[1] The state is a political and geopolitical entity; the nation is a cultural and/or ethnic entity.

nationalism

-ideas
-materialism
-symbolic
:an ideology, which holds that cultural boundaries should correspond to political boundaries (Eriksen)

primordialist view of the nation

the nation has always existed, it is eternal, its connection to a state was/is inevitable.

Equates nations with ethnocultural communities based on fixed characteristics (May)

modernist view of the nation

the nation is constructed within modern times

imagined communities

Nations are “imagined communities”

invention of tradition

null

territorialization

the act of organizing as a territory

paradoxes of nationalism

null

ethnic nationalism

bad!

civic nationalism

good!

collective amnesia

Nationalism rests on the idea of the nation as a soul, as a principle- which then rest on the process of COLLECTIVE AMNESIA

peaceful society

Societies that create a bias against violence

doves and hawks

Doves focused on peaceful societies to critique and offer and alternative to modern conflicts

Hawks focused on conflict in small-scale societies to help explain large-scale conflicts that were occurring all around them

peaceful savage myth

null

yanomamo

· The need to protect resources and honor

· Create a bias for aggressive behavior- waiteri or fierceness

napoleon chagnon

· Fell into the hawk contingent

· Psychobiological assumptions about behavior and violence

· Sociobiology: a theory that states that biological evolution as it is related to Natural Selection controls and explains human behavior

· Concludes that the Yanomamo lived in a primitive state of constant warfare because of their biological and cultural evolution

sociobiology

· Disputes Chignon’s assumptions and traces the shifts in behavior that forges violence (not untouched tribe)

-Conflict was related to contact with the West and Western goods; outside influences change cultural and social practices

-yanomamo

brian ferguson

null

darkness in El Dorado

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patrilocal

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polygyny

null

primal paradigm

null

negative peace

null

positive peace

null

structural violence

null

symbolic violence

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post-conflict peacebuilding

null

international conflict resolution

null

high level

null

low level

null

intrastate conflicts

null

interstate conflicts

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kpelle moot

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social contact theory

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meron benvenisti

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john lederach

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peace and conflict studies

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Promises

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globalization

intensifying flow of capital, goods, people (including tourists, immigrants and refugees), images and ideas around the world. (Hemment)

braudel's world system theory

society consists of interrelated parts assembled into a system; societies are subsystems of bigger systems, and the world system is the largest

capitalist world economy

a single world system committed to production for sale and exchange with the object of maximizing profits rather than supplying domestic needs (Kottak)

modernization theory

stated that poorer, underdeveloped countries could progress and match more powerful countries on the world market through industrial capitalism and development schemes. (Akin to Stagism)

wallerstein's dependency theory

core countries (1st), semi-periphery countries (2nd) and the periphery countries (3rd)

the price of progress

null

advertising and globalization

null

consumer democracy

null

Life and Debt in Jamaica

null

Economy

system of production, distribution and consumption of resources; economics is the study of such systems. (Kottak)

savage anthropology

null

potlatch

ceremonial feast…marked by the host’s lavish distribution of gifts or sometimes destruction of property to demonstrate wealth and generosity and earn prestige. (Webster's Dictionary)

integrative theory of social stratification

social hierarchies are necessary for modern society to run smoothly.

exploitative theory of social stratification

social hierarchies exist because one group seeks to take advantage of another for economic purposes

karl marx

null

bourgeoisie

capitalist/ruling class, own the means of production and ability to purchase labor.

petty bourgeoisie

manage/control the means of production and labor (but do not own them)

proletariats

workers/laborers

infrastructure

-part of society
- demographic, technological, economic and ecological processes; modes of production and resources.

structure

-part of society
-sociocultural relationships, behaviors, social and political organization, and institutions.

superstructure

-part of society
-values, beliefs, symbols, ideologies – CULTURE!

max weber

null

weber's 3 dimensions of social stratification: wealth, power, and prestige

1. wealth (economic status)
2. power (political status)
3. prestige (social status)

"matrix of domination"

null

capitalism

null

mantsios's myths about class in the US

null

class

a term used to describe ranked groups in a stratified society whose members are differentiated from one another in terms of their degree of access to valued resources in society, i.e. material resources, influential relationships, and cultural knowledge. (Hemment)

Barbara Ehrenreich

null

philippe bourgois

null

political economy

politics of economics

legal economy

null

underground economy

null

Caesar and Primo

null

culture clash

null

cultural capital

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Ongka's big moka

null

structure and agency

null

blame the victim ideology

· Part of our individualist culture

· Reinforces ideologies of meritocracy and egalitarianism

· Harkens back to ideas from Social Darwinism

· Consistently ignores the system and structures that maintain inequality and put to blame and the onus upon the individual to do better

· Even the best intended programs reinforce this

media

media plays a key role in defining our cultural tastes, helping us locate ourselves in history, establishing our national identity, and ascertaining the range of national and social possibilities” (Mantsios)

media and stereotypes

media enforces stereotypes such as class and race

good will hunting

awesome movie.
economic assumptions, stereotypes,

class dismissed

TV's disturbing depictions of working class people as either clowns or social deviants -- stereotypical portrayals that reinforce the myth of meritocracy.

the five sexes

male, female, herphrodite, male pseudohermaphrodites, female psuedohermaphrodites,

hermaphrodites/intersexuals

Male and female only: hermaphrodite (intersexual) is not considered a legitimate category. Intersexual medical terminology

"re-assignment"

newborns who are intersexed are re-assigned a sex

gender

categories of people organized around male and female sexes, that help determine behaviors and roles in society.
-refers to characteristics

sex

refers to biological differences; chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs.

gender stereotypes

null

foucault's biopower

Biopower, Foucault argued, was the way in which capitalist states exerted control over people to better promote life. (used Eugenics) Eugenics is the theory rife with racism and classism, where humans apply the concepts of natural selection to benefit the human race. Thus those with traits undesirable to the society are selected out, by not allowing people with poor backgrounds or significant health issues to reproduce.

Caster Semenya

sports star, controversy on male or female gender

sports and gender

null

gender ambiguity

null

Saartjie Baartman (Hottentot Venus)

exhibited as freak show attractions in 19th century Europe because her body type was considered by europeans unusual

Heterosexuality

Heterosexuality as unmarked norm

Homosexuality

Homosexuality as criminal, as psychosis

Emily Martin

see The Egg and the Sperm

Science scholarship

null

egg and the sperm

egg and sperm stereotypes, same as feminine and masculine stereotypes

femininity and masculinity

fem: Passivity, weakness, meekness, dependency
masc: Physical, strong, independent, violent, controlling, big, tough

Miedzian

see john wayne syndrome

john wayne syndrome

is an explicit, if unwritten, code of conduct, a set of masculine traits we have been taught to revere since childhood (Miedzan)

masculine mystique

Patriotism, manhood, war

Toughness is the most highly prized virtue

Tough Guise

-film about the relationshop between images in popular culture and the social construction of male identies in the United States

The cult of thinness

article! if women are so busy trying to control their bodies through dieting, excessive exercise and self-improvement activities, they lose control over their important aspect of selfhood that might challenge the status quo”

Patriarchal society

a society in which men/males dominate in ideological, political and social systems; a society which also holds a bias against women and female power.

Objectification theory

societal objectification of women results in a tendency for women to view themselves from an outsider’s perspective, as an object to be evaluated (Daniels)

About this deck

By: margot isaacs
Created: 2010-12-12
Size: 116 flashcards
Views: 56

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis