FINAL EXAM ~ Excretory
Biology 101 with Neely-fisher at Virginia Commonwealth University
About this deck
By: Cynthia Hughell
Textbook:
A Brief Guide to Biology with Physiology
Created: 2012-05-09
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 16
Textbook:
A Brief Guide to Biology with PhysiologyCreated: 2012-05-09
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 16
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Water balance & Waste Disposal
KEY aspects of Homeostasis
- maintaining water intake & loss
- Eliminating the by-products of metabolism
- regulate electrolytes
- Produce hormones and chemicals that regulate blood pressure, red blood cell production & vitamin D
Kidneys Produce
Renin, Erythropoietin, Calcitriol
Renin
causes constriction in the blood vessels to increase blood pressure
Erythropoietin
Causes and increase in the production of red blood cells
Calcitriol
active form of Vitamin D- circulates in the blood to maintain blood calcium levels
Nitrogen Wastes
Proteins and Nucleic acids containNH2 (amino groups), when they are broken down and metabolized the NH2 groupsare converted to ammonium ions (NH4+)
Aquatic Animals
Excrete NH4+ either across their surface epithelium
OR
Across their gills
Urea
terrestrial animals and amphibians convert NH4 to urea
- formed in the liver
- CO2 is combined with 2 (NH2) molecules to produce urea
Uric Acid
isss Nitrogenous waste excreted by birds, snails, insects and reptiles
- produced by shell laying animals
- doesn't harm the developing embryo when it precipitates out of solution
Gout or production of Kidney stones is
build up in humans Uric Acid Crystals
Kidneys
- Vertebrates
- contains numerous tubules and a tremendous capillary supply that functions to maintain water balance and eliminate waste
- bean shaped in human
Mammalian Excretory System
Renal artery brings blood into the kidneys and renal vein exits kidneys.
Kidney --> Ureters --> Bladder --> Urethra
2 Major parts to the Nephron
1. Tubular Portion
2. Capillary Portion
Tubular Portion
that filters blood and produces concentrated urine
Capillary Portion
that secretes substances into filtrate and reabsorbs other substances back into the circulation
Tubular parts of the Nephron
Bowman's Capsule
and
Proximal Tubule
Bowman's Capsule
Collects filtrate from the blood
Proximal Tubule
reabsorbs water, nutrients, helps regulate pH by secreting H+, NaCl, H20, Secretes Drugs, toxins
Blood Vessels Associated with Nephrons
Renal Artery
and
Afferent Arteriole
Renal Artery
Blood enters Kidney
Afferent Arteriole
branches from renal artery enter glomerulus
Glomerulus
Capillary bed inside Bowman's Capsule that produces filtrate that will become urine
Efferent Arteriole
Leaves the glomerulus- smaller diameter causes "Back-up" in glomerulus for filtration
Peritubular Capillaries
Surrouds the loop of Henle- substances move back and forth between the filtrate
Urine Formation - Filtrate
is formed in the glomerulus as it moves through the tubular portion of the Nephron
Reabsorption and Secretion
occur in the various parts of the tubule to form urine
Reabsorption
substances are removed from the tubule and go back into the circulatory system in the vessels associated w/ neprohon
Secretion
substances are removed from the circulatory system and are added to the filtrate in the tubule
Kidney allow the formation of urine that is more concentrated
UP TO 4X than blood. can produce dilute urine
Depending on amount of water that has been consumed
Why is urine Yellow?
Bilirubins (break down products or red blood cells that make bile green? also make pee yellow and poop brown)
Antidiuretic Hormone
- Produced by the hypothalamus in the brain
- stored and released by the anterior pituitary when blood osmolarity increases (might occur due to excessive sweating or other water loss)
Seminal Vesicle
secretes mucous which forms part of semen
Vas Deferens
tube through which sperm is carried for exiting
Ejaculatory Duct
through which semen exits
Bulbourthral Gland
secretes mucous fluid which is added to semen
Urethra
tube through which grin and semen exit
Prostate Gland
produces milky fluid which is added to semen
Anus
back passage for exiting of feces
Scrotum
Sac containing the testicles
Epidiymus
Sperm reservoir
Testes
Produces sperm and testosterone
Distal Tubule
Secretes K+, NaCl, Water
Collection Ducts
Secretes water/ reabsorbs water
Renal Vein
Blood leaves Kidney
About this deck
By: Cynthia Hughell
Textbook: A Brief Guide to Biology with Physiology
Created: 2012-05-09
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 16
Textbook:
A Brief Guide to Biology with PhysiologyCreated: 2012-05-09
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 16
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy