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- Kinesiology 2570
- Hug
- Final Exam 1
Final Exam 1
Kinesiology 2570 with Hug at University of Toledo
About this deck
By: kate morin
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 165 flashcards
Views: 43
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 165 flashcards
Views: 43
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TSH (endocrine gland)
anterior pituitary
TSH (target cell and function of target cell)
thyroid
releases TH
ACTH (endocrine gland)
anterior pituitary
ACTH (target cell and function of target cell)
adrenal cortex
releases its hormone
FSH (endocrine gland)
anterior pituitary
FSH (target cell and function of target cell)
ovaries, testes
follicle and sperm development
LH (endocrine gland)
anterior pituitary
LH (target cell and function of target cell)
ovaries, testes
ovulation, testosterone
PRL (endocrine gland)
anterior pituitary
PRL (target cell and function of target cell)
mammary glands
lactation
GH (endocrine gland)
anterior pituitary
GH (target cell and function of target cell)
all body cells, especially liver, skeletal system and skeletal muscle
increases mitotic division for growth
ADH (endocrine gland)
posterior pituitary
ADH (target cell and function of target cell)
kidney tubules
reabsorbs H2O
Oxytocin (endocrine gland)
posterior pituitary
Oxytocin (target cell and function of target cell)
uterus, cervix
increase contractility
TH (endocrine gland)
thyroid
TH (target cell and function of target cell)
all body cells
increase metabolic rate due to glucose oxidation (ATP)
Calcitonin (endocrine gland)
thyroid
Calcitonin (target cell and function of target cell)
skeletal system
decreases blood Ca levels via stimulation of osteoblast
PTH (endocrine gland)
parathyroid
PTH (target cell and function of target cell)
skeletal system
increase blood Ca levels via stimulation of osteoclast
E/NE (endocrine gland)
adrenal medulla
E/NE (target cell and function of target cell)
heart and lungs
increases: BP, HR, Respiratory rate
Aldosterone (endocrine gland)
adrenal cortex
Aldosterone (target cell and function of target cell)
kidney tubules
increase Na reabsorption
Cortisol (endocrine gland)
adrenal cortex
Cortisol (target cell and function of target cell)
liver
increase glucose oxidation
Androgens (endocrine gland)
adrenal cortex
Androgens (target cell and function of target cell)
ovaries, testes
secondary sex characteristics
Glucagon (endocrine gland)
alpha pancreatic cells
Glucagon (target cell and function of target cell)
liver, skeletal muscles
increase blood glucose levels
Insulin (endocrine gland)
beta pancreatic cells
Insulin (target cell and function of target cell)
all body cells, especially the liver
decreases blood glucose levels
Melatonin (endocrine gland)
pineal gland
Melatonin (target cell and function of target cell)
brain
day/night cycle
Estrogen (endocrine gland)
ovaries
Estrogen (target cell and function of target cell)
primary reproductive organs
secondary sex characteristics
Testosterone (endocrine gland)
testes
Testosterone (target cell and function of target cell)
primary reproductive organs
secondary sex characteristics
EPO (endocrine glands)
kidneys
EPO (target cell and function of target cell)
red bone marrow
stimulates RBC production
Pathology GH hypo-secretion
child - dwarfism
Pathology GH hyper-secretion
child - giantism
adult -acromegaly and progeria
Definition acromegaly
excess cartilage growth
Definition progeria
advanced aging
Pathology TH hypo-secretion
child - cretinism
adult - goiter
Pathology TH hyper-secretion
skin flush, clammy
increase: BP and HR
associated with Graves' disease
Pathology Cortisol hypo-secretion
Addison's disease
Effects of Addison's disease
decreased weight and BP
dehydration
Pathology Cortisol hyper-secretion
Cushing's syndrome
Effects of Cushing's syndrome
depress cartilage and bone formation
inhibit inflammation and immune system
Pathology Insulin hypo-secretion
diabetes
Type I diabetes
onset before 15
absolutely no insulin
Type II diabetes
after 40
some, not enough, insulin
3 main components of blood
fluid connective tissue
plasma
formed elements
Plasma
makes up 55% of blood
mainly water
Formed elements made up of:
RBCs
WBCs
platelets
Solutes of Plasma
proteins
lactic acid, urea, creatinine
organic nutrients
electrolytes
respiratory gases
Proteins in plasma include:
albumin, globulin, fibrinogen
Organic nutrients in plasma include:
glucose, carbs, amino acids
Electrolytes in plasma include:
Na, K, Ca, Cl, bicarbonate
Respiratory gases in plasma include:
oxygen and CO2 (majority)
Function albumin
blood viscosity and osmotic pressure
Function globulin
immunoglobulins and transport globulins
Function fibrinogen
clotting
Plasma transports
nutrients, CO2
Function blood transports:
dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones and metabolic wastes
Function blood regulates
pH and ion composition
body temp by absorbing and redistributing heat
Function blood defending:
body against toxins and pathogens
Hemoglobin
transports oxygen
Function platelets
transports chemicals important for clotting
forms temporary patch
hemostasis
injury.
prevents loss of blood through vessel walls
3 phases of hemostasis
vascular
platelet
coagulation
vascular phase
local blood vessel constriction
immediately
platelet phase
platelets aggregate at site, adhere to damaged surface
immediately
coagulation phase
factors released by platelets and endothelial cells interact with clotting factors to form a clot
blood type A: alleles, antigen, antibody
AA, AO
A
Anti-B
blood type B: alleles, antigen, antibody
BB, BO
B
Anti-A
blood type AB: alleles, antigen, antibody
AB
AB
Neither
blood type O: alleles, antigen, antibody
OO
None
Anti-A, Anti-B
blood type A: donates to, receives from
A, AB
A, O
blood type B: donates to, receives from
B, AB
B, O
blood type AB: donates to, receives from
AB
all
blood type O: donates to, receives from
all
O
blood type positive or negative =
positive = HAS antigen D (Rh)
negative = doesn't have antigen D (Rh)
Atria
receiving chambers
Blood enters Right Atria from:
superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
Blood enters Left Atria from:
pulmonary veins
Ventricles
discharging chambers of heart
Right ventricle pumps blood into
pulmonary trunk
Left ventricle pumps blood into
aorta
Atrioventricular valves
ensures unidirectional blood flow through heart, prevents backflow into atria when ventricles contract
3 AV valves
tricuspid
bicuspid
chorade tendineae
tricuspid valve
between RA and RV
bicuspid valve
between LA and LV
chorade tendinae
anchors AV valves to papillary muscle
2 semilunar valves
pulmonary
aortic
pulmonary semilunar
@ entrance to pulmonary trunk artery
prevents backflow into RV
aortic semilunar
@ entrance to aorta
prevent backflow of blood into LV
pathway of blood flow
vena cava
RA
tricuspid valve
RV
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary arteries
lungs
pulmonary veins
LA
bicuspid valve
LV
aortic semilunar valve
aorta
systemic circulation
RA
vena cava
pulmonary circuit
blood to and from lungs
systemic circuit
blood to and from rest of body
conductive system of heart for heartbeat
SA
AV
AV bundle
AV branches
purkinje
heart muscle:
stimulated by nerves, self-excitable
contracts as a unit
long absolute refractory period
Ca influx
rising phase of action potential
systole
contract of heart muscle
diastole
relaxation of heart muscle
atrial systole
L & R atria contract @ same time
ventricles are relaxed (diastole)
ventricular systole
L & R ventricles contract @ same time
atria's are relaxed (diastole)
AV's close. semilunars open.
P wave
depolarization of SA node
QRS complex
ventricular depolarization
T wave
ventricular repolarization
3 phases of the cardiac cycle
ventricular filling
ventricular systole
isovolumetric relaxation
ventricular filling
low BP
blood enters atria and flows into ventricles
AV valves are open = atrial systole occurs
ventricular systole
atrial diastole
rising of ventricular pressure = AV valves close
ventricular ejection opens semilunar valves
ventricular systole includes
isovolumetric contraction phase (split second)
isovolumetric relaxation
early diastole
ventricles relax
AV valves close
backflow of blood in aorta and pulmonary trunk closes semilunar valves
formula for cardiac output
CO = HR x SV
Aging & CV system
sclerosis
decrease in cardiac reserve
fibrosis
atherosclerosis
congestive heart failure
definition of sclerosis
thickening of valve flaps
definition of atherosclerosis
plaque buildup in heart
layers of arteries
3 layers. big
tunic intima, media, externa
layers of veins
3 layers. normal.
tunic intima, media, externa
layers of capillaries
ONLY tunic intima
BP of arteries, veins and caps
high, low, med
compared to veins, arteries have:
thicker walls
more smooth muscle
more elastic and resilient
no valves
increase BP =
increase BF
increase resistance =
decrease BF
systolic pressure
pressure exerted on arterial walls during ventricular contraction
1st sound heard
diastolic pressure
lowest level of arterial pressure during a ventricular cycle
when sound disappears
function lymph nodes
filtration & immune system activation
function spleen
lymphocyte proliferation
immune surveillance
cleans blood
function thymus
secretes hormones
makes T cells
function bone marrow
makes B cells
function appendix
destroy bacteria
makes memory cells
T cells
cell mediated immunity
has to touch antigen
2 types of T cells
helper
cytotoxic
B cells
humoral immunity
produce antibodies
2 types of B cells
plasma
memory
helper cells
manages immune response
touches, analyzes, decides what to do
cytotoxic cells
attack and destroy
plasma cells
make antibodies
memory cells
remember how to make antibody for a certain antigen
function nose/nasal cavity
filter, heat, humidify, etc
function pharynx
connects oral cavity to larynx
function larynx
protects glottis. prevents food in lungs.
vocal cords.
function trachea
connects larynx to bronchi
pulmonary ventilation
physical movement of air in and out of lungs
2 phases of pulmonary ventilation
inspiration
expiration
pulmonary ventilation depends on
pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
pressure and volume have
inverse relationship
p1v1=p2v2
volume changes depend on
movement of diaphragm and ribs
inspiration
volume increases
pressure decreases
expiration
volume decreases
pressure increases
gas transport driven by
differences in partial pressure
gas transport. oxygen:
enters blood at lungs and leaves at tissues
driven by partial pressure
gas transport. CO2
enters at tissues and leaves at lungs
driven by solubility
amount of gas in solution is directly proportional to
partial pressure
amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid depends upon
solubility
tidal volume
eupnea (quiet breathing)
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
volume of air past normal inspiration
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
volume of air past normal expiration
residual volume
volume of air that stays in lungs. keeps lungs inflated
respiratory system & age
efficiency decreases
lung compliance and vital capacity decrease
chest movements decrease
emphysema
About this deck
By: kate morin
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 165 flashcards
Views: 43
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 165 flashcards
Views: 43
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy